Psychosocial Interventions for Psychosis/Bipolar Disorder
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Questions and Answers

What is the pooled rate of remission following the first episode of psychosis according to Lally et al. (2017)?

  • 58% (correct)
  • 38%
  • 72%
  • 45%

    • What was observed about employment rates for individuals with mental illness in higher income countries?

  • Employment rates are higher than in lower income countries
  • Employment rates have remained stable
  • Employment rates have declined (correct)
  • Employment rates have increased

    • What proportion of individuals with bipolar disorder are considered chronically unwell on long-term follow-up?

  • 15% (correct)
  • 10%
  • 5%
  • 20%

    • Which factor has been observed to influence long-term outcomes for individuals with repeated episodes of psychosis after the 2008 financial crash?

    <p>Declining annual remission rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a possible reason for better outcomes reported from lower and middle income countries for individuals with psychosis?

    <p>Possibly easier to get jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common pattern is associated with the course of bipolar disorder according to the available research?

    <p>Relapsing/remitting course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals were reported to be in remission for 5 years according to the follow-up study?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median time being ill for those studied?

    <p>20% - 44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was considered the last significant shift in mental health treatment?

    <p>Introduction of antipsychotics and deinstitutionalisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in the slow implementation of effective interventions in mental health care?

    <p>The implementation gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have interventions in psychology shown small benefits thus far?

    <p>Difficulty in widespread implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions has seen steady progress compared to mental health outcomes?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the social factors that complicates mental health outcomes?

    <p>Austerity and inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention has not been widely implemented despite significant supporting studies?

    <p>Family Intervention in Psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pooled estimate of individuals who had recovered after a mean follow-up of 7 years following their first episode of psychosis?

    <p>38%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding was noted about the prognosis of first episode psychosis compared to the 20th century?

    <p>Improved prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with bipolar disorder is estimated to be chronically unwell over long-term follow-up?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend was observed in employment rates for individuals with mental illness in higher income countries?

    <p>Decline in employment rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reason could explain poorer remission rates in studies before 1976?

    <p>Limited knowledge about psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the recovery rate in lower and middle income countries compare to that in higher income countries?

    <p>Better or similar outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of bipolar disorder as discussed in the existing research?

    <p>Relapsing/remitting course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may have contributed to a decline in annual remission rates after the 2008 financial crash?

    <p>Economic stressors impacting mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals were reported to be in remission for 5 years after a 40-year follow-up study?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention introduced in the 1950s marked the last significant shift in mental health treatment?

    <p>Antipsychotics (Lithium)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible reason for the lack of substantial improvement in psychosis and bipolar outcomes over the decades?

    <p>The implementation gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor complicates the implementation of effective mental health interventions?

    <p>Slow rollout of effective interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a prevalent issue regarding the benefits observed from innovative service models in mental health care?

    <p>Benefits are typically short-term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social determinant of mental health poses challenges to improving mental health outcomes?

    <p>Inequality and austerity measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a challenge in psychology interventions for psychosis and bipolar disorder?

    <p>Finding larger effects has proven to be difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been identified as a reason for better outcomes in countries with limited mental health care?

    <p>Disputed effectiveness of mental health care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend has been observed regarding annual remission rates for individuals with multiple episodes of psychosis after 2008?

    <p>Remission rates have declined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the employment rate of individuals with mental illness in lower and middle income countries compare to that in higher income countries?

    <p>Employment rates are higher in lower and middle income countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with bipolar disorder is estimated to have a relapsing/remitting course throughout their lifetime?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group showed consistently better outcomes for first episode psychosis compared to previous decades?

    <p>Individuals from lower and middle-income countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a noted characteristic of the course of bipolar disorder based on recent discussions?

    <p>Most individuals continue to experience episodes throughout their lifetime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key finding regarding recovery rates in different geographical locations for psychosis?

    <p>Better outcomes reported in lower and middle income countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychosocial factor most significantly hampers research in bipolar disorder compared to psychosis?

    <p>Diagnostic problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the key factor in the slow translation of positive findings into practical mental health interventions?

    <p>The implementation gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has shown little progress in improving outcomes for severe mental health issues such as psychosis and bipolar disorder?

    <p>The overall mental health treatment landscape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention has shown significant results but lacks widespread implementation in the mental health field?

    <p>Family Intervention in Psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has neuroscience and pharmacology been primarily focusing on in mental health research?

    <p>Understanding the biological basis of disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key social determinant complicates efforts to improve mental health outcomes?

    <p>Economic austerity and inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which significant change in mental health treatment occurred in the 1950s?

    <p>Deinstitutionalization and antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has research suggested about the outcomes of mental health in low-income countries?

    <p>Their outcomes can be better or at least as good as higher-income countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge has been noted in psychology interventions for psychosis and bipolar disorder?

    <p>Finding larger effects has proven difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average time it takes for an individual to receive a diagnosis of bipolar after first reporting symptoms?

    <p>9.5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with bipolar have reported experiencing stigma in the workplace?

    <p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much does bipolar disorder cost the UK economy annually?

    <p>£20 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant barrier for individuals with bipolar to thrive in the workplace according to the survey?

    <p>Lack of understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of individuals with bipolar nears the obesity classification?

    <p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many people are reported to be affected by a loved one with bipolar in the UK?

    <p>5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average additional lifespan loss for individuals with bipolar compared to the general population?

    <p>10-15 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of respondents regret disclosing their bipolar diagnosis in the workplace?

    <p>3 in 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group shows a better employment outcome according to recent findings in the content?

    <p>Lower and middle income countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic is noted to have a declining annual remission rate for individuals with multiple episodes of psychosis?

    <p>Individuals after the 2008 financial crash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly reported characteristic of bipolar disorder's course?

    <p>Relapsing/remitting course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was indicated about the prognosis for first episode psychosis as compared to the 20th century?

    <p>Better prognosis is observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impacts may have contributed to worse long-term outcomes in psychosis after the 2008 financial crash?

    <p>Declining economic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome after the first episode of psychosis has not improved significantly since studies conducted before 1976?

    <p>Remission rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with bipolar disorder is estimated to remain chronically unwell according to recent findings?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been identified as a significant reason for the lack of improvement in mental health outcomes for severe conditions such as psychosis?

    <p>Slow translation of positive research findings into practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may contribute to the better outcomes reported for individuals with mental health issues in lower and middle income countries?

    <p>Community-based care and social support systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is associated with interventions in psychology for individuals with psychosis and bipolar disorder?

    <p>Difficult to find large-scale effective implementations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend has been observed in the outcomes of severe mental health conditions like psychosis over the past few decades?

    <p>No substantial change in prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key behaviour change strategy to support individuals in achieving their health goals?

    <p>Coping with setbacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors complicates the implementation of innovative service models in mental health care?

    <p>Changes in care organization may not shift content of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model is suggested for identifying factors influencing a patient's behaviour?

    <p>COM-B model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the notable headline results from the Primrose intervention study?

    <p>High attendance at intervention sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements reflects a challenge faced by neuroscience and pharmacology in mental health research?

    <p>Waiting for a significant breakthrough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the mean difference in costs associated with the Primrose intervention as compared to routine care?

    <p>£895</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has shown to be a predominant issue in translating research findings into actual mental health practices?

    <p>Persistent implementation gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect received little attention in the Primrose intervention despite its importance?

    <p>Use of statins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social determinant poses significant challenges to improving mental health outcomes?

    <p>Austerity and economic inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behaviour change strategy involves setting achievable objectives in a measurable format?

    <p>SMART goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key take-home messages regarding cholesterol levels in the study?

    <p>Cholesterol levels decreased in both intervention and control groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element of the interventions is necessary for addressing high rates of smoking and obesity in individuals with SMI?

    <p>Careful monitoring and sustained interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge in the effective treatment of bipolar disorder?

    <p>Many patients do not receive evidence-based treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does bipolar disorder influence the quality of life for those affected?

    <p>It significantly affects daily functioning and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which recommendation aims to enhance the management of bipolar disorder?

    <p>Promote integrated care approaches that address both mental and physical health needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect of improving the diagnosis of bipolar disorder?

    <p>Implementing standardized assessment tools for early diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do family members have in managing bipolar disorder according to recent recommendations?

    <p>They need resources and support to cope with challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What need is highlighted in research and innovation regarding bipolar disorder?

    <p>Increased need for research into effective treatments and management strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended public action related to bipolar disorder?

    <p>Launch public awareness campaigns to educate about the disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element of integrated care models for managing bipolar disorder?

    <p>They ensure continuity of care throughout the patient's treatment journey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of the study commissioned by Rethink Mental Illness in December 2013?

    <p>Develop economic analyses of interventions for schizophrenia and psychosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interventions were excluded from the study?

    <p>Medication alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reported average daily cost for inpatient care in the health service in 2012/13?

    <p>£350</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention was noted to provide net savings of £7,972 per person after four years?

    <p>Early Intervention (EI) teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total spending for psychosis services was attributed to inpatient care in 2012/13?

    <p>54%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is recommended for local and regional commissioning based on the study's findings?

    <p>Leverage evidence on effective clinical pathways and interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention was mentioned as having a cost-effectiveness of £4.76 gained for every £1 invested?

    <p>Peer Support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methodologies was applied in the economic analyses conducted in the study?

    <p>International cost data converted using OECD purchasing power parity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What financial justification is emphasized for investing in community-based services?

    <p>To reduce inpatient admissions and provide value for money.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key findings regarding interventions analyzed in the study?

    <p>Effective interventions often lead to cost savings for the NHS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychosocial Interventions for Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder

    • Research examines the difficulties people with psychosis/bipolar face in their lives and the course of their illnesses.
    • Potential approaches to improve prognosis and recovery are explored.
    • Social participation and quality of life improvement strategies are also considered.

    The Course of Psychosis/Schizophrenia

    • A systematic review and meta-analysis (Lally et al., 2017) of 19,000 people found a pooled remission rate of 58% after the first episode of psychosis.
    • Remission rates haven't improved significantly since 1976.
    • A pooled estimate of 38% recovery was observed after an average follow-up of 7 years.
    • Recovery rates are higher in the USA compared to Europe.
    • Recent 21st-century studies (Huxley et al., 2021) show a more positive prognosis for first-episode psychosis than 20th-century studies.

    The Course of Bipolar Disorder

    • Research on Bipolar Disorder is less extensive than on Psychosis.
    • Most people with Bipolar experience a relapsing-remitting course, with periods of recovery in between episodes, although approximately 15% chronically unwell.
    • Data from long-term follow-up studies (e.g., 15 years, Coryell et al., 1999) suggests a 16% remission rate for 5 years or more.
    • A significant portion of time (20%-44%) is spent in a depressed state when individuals are not functioning well.
    • Little evidence of progress in bipolar prognosis in the past few decades is found.

    A Challenge

    • There is limited evidence of significant progress in mental health outcomes for severe mental health problems such as psychosis and bipolar.
    • Antipsychotics and deinstitutionalisation introduced in the 1950s could have been the last significant factors impacting this issue.
    • The development of physical health conditions (e.g., Cancer, CVD) has progressed significantly.

    Outcomes and Implementation Gaps

    • Mental health outcomes may still be better or the same in countries with less available mental health care.
    • Evidence-based treatments and effective implementation in clinical practice are crucial.
    • Implementation gaps exist for better interventions.
    • Many years exist before wide-scale implementation.
    • Issues with implementation methods/models are commonly observed in mental healthcare.
    • Social determinants of mental health are significant barriers (e.g., austerity, inequalities)

    Routes to Improving Outcomes

    • Key improvements focus on service/treatment implementation, enhanced service systems, and focus on user recovery definitions.
    • Implementing existing evidence-based interventions is crucial, along with enhancing teams and services, focusing on priorities of service users, and integrating the biopsychosocial triad into strategies.
    • Early intervention for psychosis shows promising results.
    • Establishing specialized teams and social interventions in psychosis and bipolar, promoting improved social quality and participation, may lead to higher standards of care.

    Social Participation & Employment

    • Employment rates are significantly low for those with psychosis (5-10%) and bipolar disorder (20-50%).
    • Social participation and relationships among people with severe mental illness are affected by many factors and are not well studied.
    • Limited evidence exists on improving social connections, relationships, and parenting among individuals with severe mental illness.
    • Key limitations include ambivalence about professional roles in services, societal factors, and housing issues.

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    Related Documents

    Psychosocial Interventions for Psychosis and Bipolar (PDF)
    Psychosocial Interventions for Psychosis and Bipolar PDF

    Description

    Explore the psychosocial interventions aimed at improving the prognosis and recovery for individuals with psychosis and bipolar disorder. This quiz delves into research findings on remission rates, social participation, and strategies for enhancing quality of life. Understand the complexities associated with these mental health conditions and their treatment approaches.

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