Psychosocial Interventions for Psychosis/Bipolar Disorder

The percentage of people with psychosis who show improvement (return to normal functioning) after their first episode.

The percentage of people with psychosis who maintain good functioning and few symptoms for a sustained period (at least 2 years).

Bipolar disorder typically follows a pattern of episodes followed by recovery periods.

A situation where a substantial portion (approximately 15%) of people with bipolar disorder experience a long-term struggle with the illness and symptoms.

The initial presentation of a psychotic illness.

In studies, people in lower/middle income countries exhibited better outcomes, particularly in employment, than those in higher income countries.

The rate of improvement after multiple episodes of psychosis has decreased, especially after 2008.

A proposed model of bipolar progression that categorizes the illness into different stages or phases.

Progress in treating conditions like psychosis and bipolar disorder has been limited, despite advancements in treatments.

The introduction of antipsychotic medications and deinstitutionalization in the 1950s was a significant shift in mental health care, but substantial change in outcome has not occurred since then.

Continued advances in understanding the neurological basis of mental illness, though further substantial progress in treatments is awaited.

Psychological interventions have shown limited effectiveness in significantly improving outcomes for those with severe conditions like psychosis and bipolar disorder despite showing promise.

New service models do show benefits, like Early Intervention, but these benefits are often short-term. Changing service organizations alone might not improve outcomes significantly.

Translation of successful research findings into widespread practice is often slow or fails to occur in mental health care.

Social factors like austerity and inequality significantly impact mental health outcomes, making it difficult to reduce their influence.

Only 16% of patients diagnosed with mental illness have been consistently well for 5 years after 40 years of continuous care.

The percentage of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder who show sustained improvement (being symptom-free) for a significant amount of time.

The average amount of time people with psychosis or bipolar disorder are actively experiencing symptoms despite treatment.

The introduction of antipsychotic medications (including Lithium) and deinstitutionalization in the 1950s marked the last major advancement in mental health outcomes.

Despite advancements, there hasn't been much progress in significantly improving long-term outcomes for people with serious mental illnesses like psychosis and bipolar disorder.

A treatment approach that involves educating and supporting families to help individuals with psychosis, particularly early in their illness, to improve outcomes.

Factors like poverty, discrimination, and lack of access to resources that significantly affect mental health outcomes and make it difficult to address them.

About 15% of people with bipolar disorder experience long-term struggles with symptoms and remain chronically unwell.

Research since 2008 shows a better prognosis for individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis compared to previous decades.

Employment rates for people with mental illness have declined in higher-income countries, while remaining higher in lower- and middle-income countries.

The rate of improvement after multiple episodes of psychosis has decreased, especially after the 2008 financial crash.

Despite advancements in treatment, progress in improving outcomes for severe conditions like psychosis and bipolar disorder has remained limited.

A sustained period of at least 2 years with minimal symptoms and good functioning after a psychotic episode.

A model suggesting bipolar disorder progressively changes over time, with different stages or phases.

Approximately 15% of people with bipolar experience long-term struggles with symptoms and remain unwell.

Employment rates in higher-income countries have declined for people with mental illness, while remaining higher in lower/middle-income countries.

Despite advancements in treatment, significant improvement in long-term outcomes for psychosis and bipolar disorder has been limited.

The average length of time people with psychosis or bipolar disorder experience symptoms despite treatment.

The introduction of antipsychotic drugs and the shift from institutions to community care in the 1950s marked a significant change in mental health care.

A therapeutic approach that involves educating and supporting families to help individuals with psychosis, especially early in their illness.

Progress in improving long-term outcomes for people with serious mental illnesses like psychosis and bipolar disorder has been limited.

Psychological interventions have shown limited effectiveness in significantly improving outcomes for those with conditions like psychosis and bipolar disorder.

People often wait an average of 9.5 years to get a bipolar diagnosis after first mentioning symptoms to a healthcare professional.

About 44% of people with bipolar experienced stigma at work.

People with bipolar have significantly lower employment rates compared to the general population.

Bipolar costs the UK economy £20 billion annually, representing 17% of the total mental illness burden.

People with bipolar die 10-15 years earlier than the general population.

Someone with bipolar takes their own life every day.

Over half of people with bipolar have been hospitalized due to their condition.

44% of people with bipolar are obese.

Many people with bipolar disorder don't receive evidence-based treatments or have access to integrated care addressing both mental and physical health.

Bipolar disorder severely impacts daily functioning, relationships, and overall life quality. Families also face challenges and need support.

More research is crucial to develop effective treatments and management strategies for bipolar disorder. Involving patients in research is essential.

Better training for healthcare professionals and standardized assessment tools are needed for accurate and early diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Encouraging care models that address both mental and physical health needs, ensuring smooth and continuous care throughout treatment.

Families need resources and support to cope with the challenges of bipolar disorder. Involving families in treatment planning is key.

Campaigns are needed to educate the public about bipolar disorder, reducing stigma and promoting understanding.

Increased funding is needed for research focusing on improving treatment and management of bipolar disorder.

The percentage of people with psychosis who experience improvement (return to normal functioning) after their first episode.

A framework for analyzing and understanding behavior change. It considers three key factors: Capability (skills and knowledge), Opportunity (environmental factors), and Motivation (personal beliefs and attitudes).

In 2012/13, the NHS spent £2.0 billion on services for people with psychosis.

Inpatient care accounts for 54% of total psychosis service spending, costing £350 per day on average.

Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. This makes them clear and actionable.

Community care for psychosis costs £13 per day on average.

A behavior change intervention designed to improve cardiovascular health in people with severe mental illness (SMI). It uses goal setting, action planning, and other strategies to promote healthy habits.

EI Teams have been shown to save £7,972 per person after four years, with net savings over ten years.

A concept referring to the long-term benefits of an intervention, even after it has ended. The positive impact continues to influence behavior.

Smoking cessation interventions cost £1,255 to gain an additional Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY).

Outcomes that relate to heart health beyond just cholesterol levels, including events like heart attacks, strokes, or cardiovascular-related hospitalizations.

Peer support programs generate £4.76 in benefits for every £1 invested.

Refers to how feasible and practical an intervention is to implement in real-world settings. Can it be effectively delivered?

CBT costs £27,373 per QALY, which is below NICE's £30,000 threshold.

Statins are medications that reduce cholesterol levels. They are known to be effective for managing cardiovascular risk in people with SMI, but were not extensively addressed in the PRIMROSE intervention.

The difference in life expectancy between individuals with SMI and the general population. People with SMI have a significantly shorter life expectancy.

The report advocates for shifting towards community-based care for people with psychosis to improve outcomes and reduce costs.

People with schizophrenia, psychosis, or bipolar disorder have an increased risk of CVD and die up to 20 years earlier than the general population.

The mortality gap between people with severe mental illness and the general population is widening.

Despite advances in understanding the brain and developing new medications, there has been limited progress in significantly improving long-term outcomes for individuals with serious mental illnesses like psychosis and bipolar disorder.

At present, evidence suggests that large-scale, well-implemented models of care may be most effective in improving outcomes for individuals with psychosis and bipolar disorder, highlighting the importance of comprehensive, coordinated services.