Psychosocial Integrity Quiz

Psychosocial Integrity

• Refers to the capability of individuals and groups to cope with emotional, social, and behavioral challenges in life.

Essential Elements of Mental Health

• CALF FUSS acronym encapsulates key mental health elements:
  • Change: Adaptability and resilience.
  • Act: Appropriate responses to situations.
  • Leisure & Work: Effectiveness in daily activities.
  • Fulfilling Relationships: Ability to maintain healthy connections.
  • Fact vs. Fiction: Distinguishing reality from falsehood.
  • Uncertainty: Tolerance of ambiguity.
  • Stress: Management of high stress levels indicating hardiness.
  • Self-esteem: Sustaining a positive self-image.

Mental Health Overview

• Critical for personal well-being, family bonds, interpersonal relationships, and societal contributions.

Mental Illness

• Encompasses all known mental disorders characterized by changes in mood, behavior, or thinking, often leading to distress and dysfunction.

Historical Context

• Sigmund Freud and contemporaries initiated the study and treatment of mental illness in the early 1900s.

Psychotropic Drugs

• Widely utilized since the 1950s to:
  • Alleviate symptoms like anxiety and depression.
  • Reduce hospital stay durations.
  • Increase community reintegration of patients.

Deinstitutionalization

• Initiated by the Community Mental Health Act in 1963, promoting mental health treatment within community settings rather than hospitals.

Psychobiology

• Examines how biological factors (genetics, environment, brain chemistry) influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Neuron Structure

• Neurons consist of:
  • Axon: Sends impulses away from the cell body.
  • Dendrites: Receives impulses toward the cell body.
  • Cell body (soma): Contains the nucleus.

Neurotransmission

• Involves electrochemical signaling between neurons through synaptic structures.

Neurotransmitters

• Critical chemicals in synaptic function:
  • Dopamine: Involved in pleasure and motor control; related to schizophrenia and Parkinson’s.
  • Norepinephrine: Governs attention, learning, and mood.
  • Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, and emotional responses; linked to depression and anxiety.
  • Acetylcholine: Influences muscle activity and cognitive functions.
  • GABA: Inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces anxiety.
  • Glutamate: Associated with learning and memory.

Mental Disorders and Neurotransmitter Links

• Schizophrenia: Elevated dopamine levels.
• Alzheimer’s: Reduced acetylcholine levels.
• Depression: Decreased serotonin and norepinephrine.
• Anxiety: Linked to decreased GABA and elevated epinephrine/norepinephrine levels.

Psychoanalytic Theory

• Freud's exploration of unconscious thoughts and memories as pivotal to understanding mental illness.

Defense Mechanisms

• Unconscious cognitive strategies employed to maintain self-esteem and manage stress.

Transference and Counter-transference

• Transference: Patient unconsciously relates to the caregiver as though they are a significant person from their past.
• Counter-transference: Caregiver's emotional response to the patient reflecting their personal feelings.

Theories of Development

• Erikson's developmental theory: Stages of psychological and social growth throughout life.

Group Therapy

• Provides benefits such as instilling hope, fostering connection, and promoting interpersonal learning among participants.

Assessment Techniques

• Comprehensive evaluation methods including:
  • Interviews for subjective data.
  • Historical health records for objective insights.
  • Psychological tests to measure cognitive and emotional states.

Mental Status Exam

• Tool for assessing various domains of mental functioning, including mood, appearance, behavior, speech, and thought processes.

Types of Mental States

• Affect Types:
  • Blunted, flat, inappropriate, restricted, full range.
• Lability: Rapid mood fluctuations without clear cause.

Thought Patterns and Disorders

• Examples include circumstantial thinking, tangential thinking, tight associations, and psychosis, where reality interpretation is impaired.

Delusions

• Fixed false beliefs that remain despite contradictory evidence; can be grandiose, paranoid, or somatic.

Community and Support Groups

• Offer emotional connection and shared experiences among individuals facing similar challenges, enhancing resilience and coping strategies.

Therapy Classifications

• Different therapeutic approaches cater to interpersonal skills, personal issues, and psychoeducational settings for educational empowerment.### Hallucinations
• Defined as false sensory perceptions without real environmental stimuli.
• Can involve any of the five senses: hearing, tasting, smelling, feeling, or seeing.

Auditory Hallucinations

• Most prevalent type of hallucination experienced.
• Typically involves one or more voices.
• Important questions include whether the voices are perceived beyond the current conversation and their content, especially if they suggest self-harm or harm to others.

Visual Hallucinations

• Involves seeing nonexistent objects or entities.
• May present in bizarre or frightening forms, impacting the individual's perception of reality.

Gustatory Hallucinations

• Rare occurrence where an individual tastes something that isn't present.
• May manifest as a foul taste leading to unnecessary dental procedures, such as teeth extraction.

Olfactory Hallucination

• Characterized by smelling fictitious odors.
• Could be associated with medical conditions like brain tumors affecting the olfactory bulb.
• Some individuals may irrationally search their living space for nonexistent odors.

Tactile Hallucinations

• Sensations where individuals feel physical presences, like bugs crawling under their skin or birds perched on them.

Illusion

• Represents a misinterpretation of real stimuli.
• An example includes perceiving blanket dots as spiders.

Suicidal Ideation (SI)

• Refers to thoughts or preoccupation with self-harm or dying.
• Indicates unhealthy coping mechanisms regarding stress; prevalent despite stigma.

Homicidal Ideation (HI)

• Involves thoughts about inflicting harm on others.
• Less frequent than suicidal ideation.

Memory Questions

• Used as a means to assess cognitive function or mental state.
• Examples include recalling the current president, personal name, or high school attended, with varying recency in these memories.