Psychosexual Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which stage of psychosexual development is characterized by the child deriving pleasure from touching and manipulating their own sex organs?

Latency Stage

Anal Stage

Phallic Stage (correct)

Oral Stage

What is the major developmental task of the Anal Stage?

Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex

Weaning

Toilet Training (correct)

Development of Ego Defense Mechanisms

According to Freud, what happens to libidinal forces during the Latency Stage?

They are focused on the development of the ego.

They calm down and identification with the same sex parent becomes strong. (correct)

They become fixated on the anal region.

They are transferred to the opposite sex parent.

What is the primary source of pleasure during the Oral Stage?

The mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of psychosexual development is associated with the Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex?

Phallic Stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for potential fixations in the psychosexual stages?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental task of the Latency Stage?

Development of ego defense mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of early puberty for girls compared to boys?

Early developing girls tend to have a more difficult time adjusting than the average. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between 'alpha particles' and 'beta particles'?

Alpha particles are positive elements of the unconscious, while beta particles are negative. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the Big 5 personality dimensions?

Openness to Experience Signup and view all the answers

How does the text explain the development of a child's personality?

Personality is a collection of traits that emerge from early childhood experiences and interactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which personality dimension describes a person's tendency to be warm and compassionate in interpersonal interactions?

Agreeableness Signup and view all the answers

What is the key challenge in defining personality dimensions, according to the text?

The lack of consensus on what constitutes a universally applicable model of personality. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'shadow of the unconscious' refer to?

The unconscious projection of negative aspects onto others. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of gonadotrophic hormones secreted during puberty?

To regulate the release of sex hormones, leading to sexual development. Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that contributed to the child's emotional healing after the traumatic experiences?

Having a secondary maternal figure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors was listed as a significant contributor to the child's breakdown?

Experiencing paternal loss Signup and view all the answers

What role does intellectual capacity play in a child's resilience according to the content?

It enhances problem-solving abilities Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a holophrase according to the content?

Sock Signup and view all the answers

What does the frontal part of the brain control?

Foresight and judgment Signup and view all the answers

At what age do the fontanels typically fuse to form a single connected skull bone?

18 months Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the growth spurt occurring primarily during adolescence?

Ossification Signup and view all the answers

Which body system development measure involves growth linked to the heart and lungs?

Stamina Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the superego in Freudian theory?

To mediate between the ego and the id Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defence mechanisms involves redirecting an unwanted impulse toward something more acceptable?

Displacement Signup and view all the answers

In developmental psychology, what is the purpose of longitudinal designs?

To track the same participants over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between manifest content and latent content in dreams?

Manifest content represents actual dreams, while latent content represents their underlying meanings Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Developmental Psychology

Seeks to identify factors influencing development and how they interact
3 key goals: understand universal changes, explain individual differences, and explore environmental influences on behavior.

Basic Issues in Development

Attachment is a crucial factor
Founders of child psychology include priests, parents, and older women.
Key schools of thought include Psychoanalytic (Freud, Jung), Behaviorist (Watson, Pavlov, Skinner), and Humanistic (Rogers, Maslow).
John Watson advocated for rigid child-rearing methods, differing from the American parenting style
Dr. Benjamin Spock's recommendations were seen as emotionally cold and excessively rigid, while today are viewed as overly indulgent.
Children need structure, routine, and predictability.

Factors Influencing a Child's Life

Factors for a Somalian refugee child's breakdown: death of mother, loss of country, and early-life trauma
Factors for healing: having a secondary maternal figure, siblings, resilience and hope
Factors affecting individuals with Encapsulated Delusions: self-protection and separation of delusions from daily life

Development of Speech

Speech development progresses from cooing to babbling, holophrases, telegraphic speech, and neologisms.

Nature vs Nurture

Nature: hereditary information from parents (e.g., physical appearance)
Nurture: complex forces of the physical and social world (e.g., language development)
Idealists/rationalists (Plato, Descartes) believed some knowledge is innate; empiricists (Locke) insisted the mind is a blank slate shaped by experience.
Nurture influences nature, before birth (e.g., crack babies from drug use, malnutrition).
Nurture influences nature, after birth (e.g., abuse, still-face syndrome, language development).

Perspectives on Development

How nurture affects nature: before birth (e.g., prenatal exposures), and after birth (e.g., interactions)
Importance of stability, continuity, resilience and hope for better development
3 types of Cerebral Palsy: prenatal, perinatal, postnatal.
Continuity vs. discontinuity in development.

Case Study: Phobia of School

8-year-old intelligent girl with a phobia of school.
Factors explored: school environment, peer pressure, and external factors.

Research Methods

Goals of developmental psychology research: describe, explain, predict, and influence development.
Methods: cross-sectional, longitudinal, sequential designs, case studies, naturalistic observations, and correlational research; ethical considerations

Pre-Natal Development

Stages of conception and development
Genetics of conception: the nucleus of each cell has 46 chromosomes. 22 of these contain identical genetic information ,the 23rd is the sex chromosome.
When 23 chromosomes meet, they provide a mix of instructions.

Atypical Development

Genetic disorders: autosomal (e.g., PKU, sickle-cell anemia), sex-linked (e.g., hemophilia), and chromosomal errors (e.g., Down syndrome, Turner syndrome.)
Teratogens: factors that can cause abnormal development (e.g., maternal diseases, substance abuse, exposure to chemicals)

Birth and Early Infancy

Stages of labor (dilation, delivery, afterbirth)
Reflexes and physical development during infant stages.
Types of reflexes (e.g., palmar, plantar grasp, Moro, Asymmetric Tonic Neck, Babinski sign).

Prenatal Development (Continued)

Stages: germinal, embryonic, and fetal stage
Sex differences during prenatal development:
Males are more physically active, and females are more sensitive to external stimuli
Prenatal behavior: the fetus responds to sounds and shows signs of learning

Physical Development

Brain and nervous system: main structures (e.g., midbrain, cerebellum, cortex, spinal cord, medulla)
Growth spurts, especially in adolescence.
Synaptic development (creation of connections between neurons), and pruning (elimination of unnecessary connections)
Myelination (development of protective sheaths around axons- essential for brain development)

Main Changes in the Body

Size and shape: noticeable change in size and shape between birth and adulthood.
Bones: undergo ossification (becoming harder).
Muscles and fat: increase in size and strength.
Using the body: stamina and physical skills develop through childhood interactions and physical experiences

Monotropicity

The baby attaches primarily to one person.

Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

Hormones regulate overall growth and sexual maturation.
Primary and secondary sexual characteristics develop during puberty.

Personality Development

Socially constructed traits
The Big 5 (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience).
Temperament: inborn personality traits.
Freud's psychosexual stages explain personality development.
Identity formation (Marcia).

Stages of Development:

Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 18 months);
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months to 3.5 years)
Initiative vs. Guilt (3.5 years to 6 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority(6 years to 12 years)
Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)
Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood)

Ecological Perspective

Bronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes external influences on development.
Levels: microsystem (immediate environment), mesosystem (interaction between microsystems), exosystem (external influences on microsystem), macrosystem (larger social and cultural influences), and chronosystem (impact of time).

Bowlby's Attachment Theory

Attachment as an evolutionary survival strategy to protect infants
4 stages: pre-attachment, attachment-in-the-making, clear-cut attachment, formation of reciprocal relationships.

Atypical Prenatal Development

Teratogens (environmental substances harmful to development).
genetic disorders (autosomal and sex-linked).

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Description

Test your knowledge on Freud's stages of psychosexual development with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages, and understand the potential fixations that may occur. Perfect for psychology students and enthusiasts alike!