Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which stage of psychosexual development is characterized by the child deriving pleasure from touching and manipulating their own sex organs?
Which stage of psychosexual development is characterized by the child deriving pleasure from touching and manipulating their own sex organs?
- Latency Stage
- Anal Stage
- Phallic Stage (correct)
- Oral Stage
What is the major developmental task of the Anal Stage?
What is the major developmental task of the Anal Stage?
- Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex
- Weaning
- Toilet Training (correct)
- Development of Ego Defense Mechanisms
According to Freud, what happens to libidinal forces during the Latency Stage?
According to Freud, what happens to libidinal forces during the Latency Stage?
- They are focused on the development of the ego.
- They calm down and identification with the same sex parent becomes strong. (correct)
- They become fixated on the anal region.
- They are transferred to the opposite sex parent.
What is the primary source of pleasure during the Oral Stage?
What is the primary source of pleasure during the Oral Stage?
Which stage of psychosexual development is associated with the Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex?
Which stage of psychosexual development is associated with the Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex?
What is the main reason for potential fixations in the psychosexual stages?
What is the main reason for potential fixations in the psychosexual stages?
What is the primary developmental task of the Latency Stage?
What is the primary developmental task of the Latency Stage?
What is the main consequence of early puberty for girls compared to boys?
What is the main consequence of early puberty for girls compared to boys?
What is the main difference between 'alpha particles' and 'beta particles'?
What is the main difference between 'alpha particles' and 'beta particles'?
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the Big 5 personality dimensions?
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the Big 5 personality dimensions?
How does the text explain the development of a child's personality?
How does the text explain the development of a child's personality?
Which personality dimension describes a person's tendency to be warm and compassionate in interpersonal interactions?
Which personality dimension describes a person's tendency to be warm and compassionate in interpersonal interactions?
What is the key challenge in defining personality dimensions, according to the text?
What is the key challenge in defining personality dimensions, according to the text?
What does the term 'shadow of the unconscious' refer to?
What does the term 'shadow of the unconscious' refer to?
What is the main function of gonadotrophic hormones secreted during puberty?
What is the main function of gonadotrophic hormones secreted during puberty?
What is one factor that contributed to the child's emotional healing after the traumatic experiences?
What is one factor that contributed to the child's emotional healing after the traumatic experiences?
Which of the following factors was listed as a significant contributor to the child's breakdown?
Which of the following factors was listed as a significant contributor to the child's breakdown?
What role does intellectual capacity play in a child's resilience according to the content?
What role does intellectual capacity play in a child's resilience according to the content?
What is an example of a holophrase according to the content?
What is an example of a holophrase according to the content?
What does the frontal part of the brain control?
What does the frontal part of the brain control?
At what age do the fontanels typically fuse to form a single connected skull bone?
At what age do the fontanels typically fuse to form a single connected skull bone?
Which term describes the growth spurt occurring primarily during adolescence?
Which term describes the growth spurt occurring primarily during adolescence?
Which body system development measure involves growth linked to the heart and lungs?
Which body system development measure involves growth linked to the heart and lungs?
What is the primary function of the superego in Freudian theory?
What is the primary function of the superego in Freudian theory?
Which of the following defence mechanisms involves redirecting an unwanted impulse toward something more acceptable?
Which of the following defence mechanisms involves redirecting an unwanted impulse toward something more acceptable?
In developmental psychology, what is the purpose of longitudinal designs?
In developmental psychology, what is the purpose of longitudinal designs?
What is the primary difference between manifest content and latent content in dreams?
What is the primary difference between manifest content and latent content in dreams?
Flashcards
Encapsulated Delusion
Encapsulated Delusion
A phenomenon where a person protects themselves by separating their delusional beliefs from their everyday functioning.
Resilience (in Child Development)
Resilience (in Child Development)
A child's ability to cope with challenges and bounce back from difficulties. It's often linked to their capacity for self-regulation and intellectual abilities.
Animism
Animism
A stage in a child's development where they attribute life-like characteristics to inanimate objects or abstract concepts.
Cognitive Distortion (Adolescence)
Cognitive Distortion (Adolescence)
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Holophrase
Holophrase
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Telegraphic Speech
Telegraphic Speech
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Neologisms
Neologisms
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Hindbrain
Hindbrain
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ID (Freud)
ID (Freud)
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Ego (Freud)
Ego (Freud)
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Superego (Freud)
Superego (Freud)
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Repression (Freud)
Repression (Freud)
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Projection (Freud)
Projection (Freud)
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Rationalization (Freud)
Rationalization (Freud)
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Goals of Developmental Psychology
Goals of Developmental Psychology
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Cross-Sectional Design
Cross-Sectional Design
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Reptilian Brain
Reptilian Brain
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Frontal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
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Hypnagogic
Hypnagogic
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Hypnopompic
Hypnopompic
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Ossification
Ossification
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Motor Development
Motor Development
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Muscle Growth Spurt
Muscle Growth Spurt
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Monotropicity
Monotropicity
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Personality Development
Personality Development
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The Big 5
The Big 5
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Extraversion
Extraversion
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Agreeableness
Agreeableness
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Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness
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Neuroticism (Emotional Instability)
Neuroticism (Emotional Instability)
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Beta Particles/Facets
Beta Particles/Facets
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Alpha Particles/Facets
Alpha Particles/Facets
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Oral Stage
Oral Stage
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Anal Stage
Anal Stage
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Phallic Stage
Phallic Stage
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Latency Stage
Latency Stage
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Fixation
Fixation
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Regression
Regression
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Id
Id
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Ego
Ego
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Clear-Cut Attachment
Clear-Cut Attachment
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Separation Anxiety Peak
Separation Anxiety Peak
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Bioecological Theory
Bioecological Theory
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Microsystem
Microsystem
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Reciprocal Interaction
Reciprocal Interaction
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Study Notes
Developmental Psychology
- Seeks to identify factors influencing development and how they interact
- 3 key goals: understand universal changes, explain individual differences, and explore environmental influences on behavior.
Basic Issues in Development
- Attachment is a crucial factor
- Founders of child psychology include priests, parents, and older women.
- Key schools of thought include Psychoanalytic (Freud, Jung), Behaviorist (Watson, Pavlov, Skinner), and Humanistic (Rogers, Maslow).
- John Watson advocated for rigid child-rearing methods, differing from the American parenting style
- Dr. Benjamin Spock's recommendations were seen as emotionally cold and excessively rigid, while today are viewed as overly indulgent.
- Children need structure, routine, and predictability.
Factors Influencing a Child's Life
- Factors for a Somalian refugee child's breakdown: death of mother, loss of country, and early-life trauma
- Factors for healing: having a secondary maternal figure, siblings, resilience and hope
- Factors affecting individuals with Encapsulated Delusions: self-protection and separation of delusions from daily life
Development of Speech
- Speech development progresses from cooing to babbling, holophrases, telegraphic speech, and neologisms.
Nature vs Nurture
- Nature: hereditary information from parents (e.g., physical appearance)
- Nurture: complex forces of the physical and social world (e.g., language development)
- Idealists/rationalists (Plato, Descartes) believed some knowledge is innate; empiricists (Locke) insisted the mind is a blank slate shaped by experience.
- Nurture influences nature, before birth (e.g., crack babies from drug use, malnutrition).
- Nurture influences nature, after birth (e.g., abuse, still-face syndrome, language development).
Perspectives on Development
- How nurture affects nature: before birth (e.g., prenatal exposures), and after birth (e.g., interactions)
- Importance of stability, continuity, resilience and hope for better development
- 3 types of Cerebral Palsy: prenatal, perinatal, postnatal.
- Continuity vs. discontinuity in development.
Case Study: Phobia of School
- 8-year-old intelligent girl with a phobia of school.
- Factors explored: school environment, peer pressure, and external factors.
Research Methods
- Goals of developmental psychology research: describe, explain, predict, and influence development.
- Methods: cross-sectional, longitudinal, sequential designs, case studies, naturalistic observations, and correlational research; ethical considerations
Pre-Natal Development
- Stages of conception and development
- Genetics of conception: the nucleus of each cell has 46 chromosomes. 22 of these contain identical genetic information ,the 23rd is the sex chromosome.
- When 23 chromosomes meet, they provide a mix of instructions.
Atypical Development
- Genetic disorders: autosomal (e.g., PKU, sickle-cell anemia), sex-linked (e.g., hemophilia), and chromosomal errors (e.g., Down syndrome, Turner syndrome.)
- Teratogens: factors that can cause abnormal development (e.g., maternal diseases, substance abuse, exposure to chemicals)
Birth and Early Infancy
- Stages of labor (dilation, delivery, afterbirth)
- Reflexes and physical development during infant stages.
- Types of reflexes (e.g., palmar, plantar grasp, Moro, Asymmetric Tonic Neck, Babinski sign).
Prenatal Development (Continued)
- Stages: germinal, embryonic, and fetal stage
- Sex differences during prenatal development:
- Males are more physically active, and females are more sensitive to external stimuli
- Prenatal behavior: the fetus responds to sounds and shows signs of learning
Physical Development
- Brain and nervous system: main structures (e.g., midbrain, cerebellum, cortex, spinal cord, medulla)
- Growth spurts, especially in adolescence.
- Synaptic development (creation of connections between neurons), and pruning (elimination of unnecessary connections)
- Myelination (development of protective sheaths around axons- essential for brain development)
Main Changes in the Body
- Size and shape: noticeable change in size and shape between birth and adulthood.
- Bones: undergo ossification (becoming harder).
- Muscles and fat: increase in size and strength.
- Using the body: stamina and physical skills develop through childhood interactions and physical experiences
Monotropicity
- The baby attaches primarily to one person.
Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
- Hormones regulate overall growth and sexual maturation.
- Primary and secondary sexual characteristics develop during puberty.
Personality Development
- Socially constructed traits
- The Big 5 (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience).
- Temperament: inborn personality traits.
- Freud's psychosexual stages explain personality development.
- Identity formation (Marcia).
Stages of Development:
- Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 18 months);
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months to 3.5 years)
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3.5 years to 6 years)
- Industry vs. Inferiority(6 years to 12 years)
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)
- Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)
- Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood)
Ecological Perspective
- Bronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes external influences on development.
- Levels: microsystem (immediate environment), mesosystem (interaction between microsystems), exosystem (external influences on microsystem), macrosystem (larger social and cultural influences), and chronosystem (impact of time).
Bowlby's Attachment Theory
- Attachment as an evolutionary survival strategy to protect infants
- 4 stages: pre-attachment, attachment-in-the-making, clear-cut attachment, formation of reciprocal relationships.
Atypical Prenatal Development
- Teratogens (environmental substances harmful to development).
- genetic disorders (autosomal and sex-linked).
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Description
Test your knowledge on Freud's stages of psychosexual development with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages, and understand the potential fixations that may occur. Perfect for psychology students and enthusiasts alike!