Psychopathology Overview and Historical Traditions
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Questions and Answers

According to early theories, what was believed to be a primary cause of mental disorders?

  • Imbalances in bodily fluids or humors. (correct)
  • Unconscious conflicts rooted in early childhood experiences.
  • Learned maladaptive behaviors.
  • Chemical imbalances in the brain's neurotransmitters.

Which influential figure in the 19th century advocated for the idea that mental illness was similar to physical illness?

  • Ivan Pavlov
  • Carl Rogers
  • Sigmund Freud
  • John Gray (correct)

What is a core concept of the psychoanalytic approach to understanding mental health?

  • The focus on overt behavior that can be observed and measured.
  • The emphasis on the client's capacity for self-actualization.
  • The role of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences. (correct)
  • The impact of environmental stimuli on behavior.

Which approach to understanding psychology emphasizes learned behaviors over unconscious impulses?

<p>The Behavioral Approach. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought highlights the inherent positive qualities of individuals and their potential for personal growth?

<p>Humanistic Psychology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapies combine historical insights with evidence-based practices in modern psychopathology?

<p>Modern psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral Therapies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tools are now used, through modern advances, to understand the brain-behavior connection?

<p>Neuroscience, genetics, fMRIs and PET scans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall nature of the field of psychopathology, based on the content provided?

<p>A field that is continuously evolving. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the material, what three core elements are often used to define a psychological disorder?

<p>Affect, Behavior, Cognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional factors, besides the A-B-C model, are considered when determining if an individual has a psychological disorder?

<p>Significant personal distress or impairment in daily life and the cultural context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the DSM-5 in understanding psychopathology?

<p>It serves as a guide for classifying and diagnosing psychological disorders based on symptom criteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments would be associated with the 'Supernatural Tradition' of psychopathology?

<p>Exorcisms and mystical rituals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a typical component of DSM-5 diagnosis, as described?

<p>Detailed case studies of the disorder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 'Biological Tradition', what is seen as the primary explanation for disorders?

<p>Physiological or genetic factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding cultural context is true, according to the text?

<p>What is considered atypical or distressing in one culture may be normal or acceptable in another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what can be concluded about the evolution of treatment for psychological disorders?

<p>There has been a shift from supernatural explanations and treatments to more scientific, evidence based methods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Affect (in psychopathology)

Disruptions in emotional regulation, including excessive sadness, anxiety, or irritability.

Behavior (in psychopathology)

Actions that may seem unusual, maladaptive, or harmful to oneself or others.

Cognition (in psychopathology)

Cognitive distortions, obsessive thoughts, or disorganized ideas that can be linked to a mental health condition.

Significant impairment/distress

A psychological disorder must significantly impair daily life or cause personal distress.

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Context matters in psychopathology

The idea that what's considered abnormal in one culture might be normal in another.

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DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a guidebook for identifying and classifying mental health conditions.

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Supernatural Tradition (psychopathology)

A traditional view of mental illness as caused by demonic possession or supernatural forces.

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Biological Tradition (Psychopathology)

A model that views mental illness as primarily caused by biological factors, such as brain dysfunction.

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Psychoanalytic Approach

A mental health approach focusing on the idea that our unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences shape our mental health.

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Humoral Theory

The view that mental disorders are caused by imbalances in bodily fluids or "humors."

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Behavioral Approach

A perspective that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior and how learning through conditioning shapes our psychological symptoms.

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Integrative Approach

A modern approach to psychopathology that integrates various perspectives, including neuroscience, genetics, and different therapeutic techniques.

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Psychopathology

The study of mental disorders, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.

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Humanistic Approach

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes the client's capacity for self-actualization and personal growth.

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Medical Model of Mental Illness

The idea that mental illnesses are like physical illnesses and can be treated with medical interventions.

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Defense Mechanisms

Techniques used to protect the ego from anxiety-provoking thoughts or feelings.

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Study Notes

Psychopathology: A Journey Through History and Definitions

  • Psychopathology involves disruptions in emotions, unusual or harmful behaviors, and distorted thinking.
  • A key factor is significant distress or impairment in daily life, considering cultural context.
  • The DSM-5 is a guide for classifying psychological disorders.
  • Diagnoses include descriptions of the disorder's course, onset, and prognosis, along with symptom criteria and treatment recommendations.

Historical Traditions of Psychopathology

  • Supernatural Tradition: Ancient belief that mental illness was due to demonic possession or divine punishment. Treatments included exorcisms and rituals.
  • Biological Tradition: Hippocrates and Galen proposed physical causes like imbalances in bodily fluids ("humors"). The 19th century saw John Gray linking mental illness to physical illness, leading to medical interventions like insulin shock and psychotropics.
  • Psychological Tradition: Multiple viewpoints emerged:
    • Psychoanalytic Approach (Freud): Unconscious conflicts and early childhood shape mental health (defense mechanisms, iceberg model).
    • Behavioral Approach (Pavlov, Skinner): Behavior, not unconscious impulses, is pivotal to understanding symptoms.
    • Humanistic Approach (Rogers, Maslow): Intrinsic goodness, self-actualization, and environmental impact on personal growth are crucial.

Modern Integration

  • A contemporary/modern approach integrates historical insights with advances in neuroscience, genetics, and imaging techniques (fMRI, PET).
  • Modern psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies combine historical insights with evidence-based practices.

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Description

Explore the fascinating history and definitions of psychopathology, including its emotional, behavioral, and cognitive disruptions. This quiz highlights various traditions that have shaped our understanding of mental illness, from supernatural explanations to biological and psychological perspectives. Test your knowledge about key concepts and the role of the DSM-5 in classifying disorders.

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