Psychopathology: Definitions of Abnormality

<p>Clear distinction between symptoms and causes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate explanation of the role of genetics in phobias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clear description of the emotional characteristics of depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient explanation of the impact of environmental factors on phobias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause serious side effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are cost-effective and non-disruptive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used only when SSRIs are ineffective. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It considers the patient's perspective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can reduce the number of sick days taken. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erection problems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can label individuals with high abilities negatively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may perpetuate stereotypes about mental health disorders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are cheaper and less disruptive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides clear numerical benchmarks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noradrenaline. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It combines subjective and objective evaluations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual impairment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may misclassify some individuals as abnormal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It considers the individual's ability to lead a normal life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can define too many people as abnormal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A behavior is considered abnormal if its frequency is more than two standard deviations away from the average, as seen on a bell curve.

This definition proposes that a person's mental state is considered abnormal if it prevents them from leading a 'normal' life by impacting their motivation, obedience to social norms, and ability to function in daily life.

Statistical infrequency can determine the severity of a disorder by comparing it to the baseline frequency of the disorder in the population.

Statistical infrequency is commonly used in the clinical diagnosis of mental health disorders by comparing a patient's symptoms to the typical frequency of those symptoms in the population.

Not all statistically infrequent characteristics are negative. Some, like exceptional empathy or high intelligence, are considered positive.

The 'failure to function adequately' definition considers the patient's perspective, combining their self-reported symptoms with the psychiatrist's objective opinion.

A weakness of the 'failure to function adequately' definition is its potential to label individuals as 'strange' or 'crazy', perpetuating negative stereotypes about mental health.

The 'Failure to Function Adequately' definition takes into account whether an individual's behavior is distressful (to themselves or others), dangerous, and out of sync with social norms.

A prolonged exposure to a phobia-inducing stimulus, leading to heightened anxiety.

The feeling of apprehension and worry associated with a phobia, triggered by the phobic stimulus.

The inability to recognize the irrationality of the fear response to the phobic stimulus, making it appear justified.

The tendency to focus solely on the phobic stimulus, even when it's causing intense anxiety.

Beliefs that are not based on reality, leading to excessive fear of the phobic stimulus.

Distorted perception of the phobic stimulus, making it seem more dangerous than it actually is.

Low self-worth, persistent low mood, and heightened anger directed at oneself or others.

Changes in activity levels (agitation or lethargy), aggression (verbal or physical), and altered sleep and eating patterns.

A type of medication that works by increasing the concentration of serotonin in the brain by blocking its reuptake and breakdown.

A type of medication that works by increasing the concentration of noradrenaline in the brain by blocking its reuptake and breakdown.

A type of medication that works by increasing the concentration of serotonin in the brain by blocking its reuptake and breakdown, but is used when SSRIs are not effective.

A significant limitation of drug therapy for OCD, where individuals may experience side effects like erection problems, weight gain, tremors, increased heart rate, and aggressiveness.

A benefit of drug therapy for OCD, where the cost-effectiveness and non-disruptive nature of the treatment allows for a more manageable and affordable approach.

Research into the effectiveness of treatments for OCD (including drug therapy) can influence public health services, leading to more efficient allocation of resources and improved patient outcomes.

A correlation between the number of traumatic experiences and the severity of OCD symptoms.

The study found that over half of the OCD patients experienced trauma and the more trauma they experienced, the more severe their OCD symptoms were.