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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum sentence for causing death due to impaired driving?
What is the maximum sentence for causing death due to impaired driving?
- Life in prison (correct)
- 25 years
- 15 years
- 10 years
Which of the following statements is true about the minimum sentencing for impaired driving causing death?
Which of the following statements is true about the minimum sentencing for impaired driving causing death?
- It results in a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.
- It requires a 1-year probation period.
- It includes at least a 5-year license suspension. (correct)
- There is no minimum sentencing requirement.
What standard of proof is required for criminal cases in Canada?
What standard of proof is required for criminal cases in Canada?
- Beyond a reasonable doubt (correct)
- Balance of probability
- Clear and convincing evidence
- Preponderance of evidence
Which type of evidence is considered the weakest in court cases?
Which type of evidence is considered the weakest in court cases?
If a gun is involved in a homicide, what is the minimum sentence that may apply?
If a gun is involved in a homicide, what is the minimum sentence that may apply?
What does psychopathology primarily focus on?
What does psychopathology primarily focus on?
Which of the following best defines abnormal behavior?
Which of the following best defines abnormal behavior?
What is a major advantage of using the DSM in clinical practice?
What is a major advantage of using the DSM in clinical practice?
What is the minimum sentence for someone convicted of first-degree murder?
What is the minimum sentence for someone convicted of first-degree murder?
Which of the following factors is NOT part of the integrationist approach to psychopathology?
Which of the following factors is NOT part of the integrationist approach to psychopathology?
In legal terms, what does 'mens rea' refer to?
In legal terms, what does 'mens rea' refer to?
What is an example of deviant behavior as discussed in the context of abnormality?
What is an example of deviant behavior as discussed in the context of abnormality?
Which characteristic distinguishes first-degree murder from other types of homicide?
Which characteristic distinguishes first-degree murder from other types of homicide?
What is required for the use of self-defense to be considered reasonable?
What is required for the use of self-defense to be considered reasonable?
At what age is a person considered incapable of forming mens rea for criminal charges?
At what age is a person considered incapable of forming mens rea for criminal charges?
Which symptom is classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Which symptom is classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
What is the primary characteristic of delusional disorder?
What is the primary characteristic of delusional disorder?
The prevalence of delusional disorder is approximately:
The prevalence of delusional disorder is approximately:
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is correct?
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is correct?
What must be proven for a mistake of fact defense to be valid?
What must be proven for a mistake of fact defense to be valid?
Which type of delusion involves the belief that one has special relationships with powerful individuals?
Which type of delusion involves the belief that one has special relationships with powerful individuals?
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Study Notes
Psychopathology
- Branch of psychology focused on mental disorders and their treatment.
- Integrationist approach includes biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influencing psychopathology.
Definition of Abnormality
- Abnormal behavior: maladaptive, deviant, distressing, and dysfunctional. Context and culture play significant roles.
- Distress and dysfunction may impair daily responsibilities (e.g., parenting, work).
- Emotional responses vary based on context (e.g., normal anxiety vs. avoidance in social situations).
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
- DSM describes approximately 400 mental disorders and their symptoms for diagnosis.
- DSM-5 adopts a dimensional approach over previous categorical classifications.
- Useful for promoting research and communication among mental health professionals.
Criminal Behavior: Concepts
- "Guilty act" (actus reus): any offense in criminal law.
- "Guilty mind" (mens rea): intent behind the crime distinguishes types of homicide, such as first-degree (intentional and premeditated) and manslaughter (unintentional).
Homicide and Sentencing
- First-degree murder leads to life imprisonment with no parole for 25 years.
- Manslaughter categories include unlawful act and criminal negligence, with maximum penalties dependent on circumstances.
- Impaired driving causing death can result in minimum 5-year license suspension, maximum life imprisonment.
Defenses in Law
- Balance of probability: jurors need 51% certainty in civil cases.
- Beyond a reasonable doubt (BARD): applies to serious crimes, requiring 90% certainty of guilt.
- Various forms of evidence considered in court, ranked from hearsay to direct evidence (e.g., DNA).
Self-defense and Mistake of Fact
- Reasonable force can be used for self-defense; must be proportional to the threat faced.
- Mistake of fact defense applies if the accused misunderstood the situation (e.g., mistaking a bear for a person).
Legal Responsibility and Age
- Children under 12 cannot be held criminally responsible; Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) applies to ages 12-17.
- Youth aged 14-17 may be tried as adults under certain conditions.
- Individuals suffering from mental disorders may not be held responsible if incapable of understanding the nature of their actions.
Psychotic Disorders
- Psychosis generally implies a disconnect from reality, illustrated by conditions such as schizophrenia.
- Schizophrenia shows a strong genetic link with brain abnormalities, impacting emotions and behavior, typically earlier onset in men than women.
Types of Schizophrenia Symptoms
- Positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior.
- Negative symptoms involve affect flattening, alogia, and avolition, affecting daily functioning.
Delusional Disorder
- Prevalence is around 0.2%, often diagnosed in mid to late adulthood.
- Cultural beliefs and social context are vital for accurate diagnosis.
- Types of delusions: persecutory, reference, and grandeur, affecting perception and behavior.
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