Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary focus of psychometrics?
Which of the following best describes the primary focus of psychometrics?
What is the key characteristic of an instrument that demonstrates reliability?
What is the key characteristic of an instrument that demonstrates reliability?
Which of the following is considered the weakest form of validity?
Which of the following is considered the weakest form of validity?
What is a key aspect of content validity?
What is a key aspect of content validity?
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When content validity is established, is there a numerical value for its findings?
When content validity is established, is there a numerical value for its findings?
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Which statistical measure is NOT typically used to assess the 'equivalence' reliability of a test?
Which statistical measure is NOT typically used to assess the 'equivalence' reliability of a test?
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What is the primary focus when assessing 'internal consistency' of a test?
What is the primary focus when assessing 'internal consistency' of a test?
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In evaluating 'objectivity' or interrater reliability, which percentage of agreement between observers is typically considered 'poor' or 'unacceptable'?
In evaluating 'objectivity' or interrater reliability, which percentage of agreement between observers is typically considered 'poor' or 'unacceptable'?
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Which statistical method is commonly used to adjust the estimated reliability of a half-test to represent the reliability of the whole test?
Which statistical method is commonly used to adjust the estimated reliability of a half-test to represent the reliability of the whole test?
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A researcher aims to determine if a new test gives stable results over time; which type of reliability is the researcher most interested in?
A researcher aims to determine if a new test gives stable results over time; which type of reliability is the researcher most interested in?
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What is the primary characteristic of 'concurrent validity'?
What is the primary characteristic of 'concurrent validity'?
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Which type of validity is demonstrated when an instrument, such as the SAT or GRE, is evaluated for its ability to forecast 'student success'?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when an instrument, such as the SAT or GRE, is evaluated for its ability to forecast 'student success'?
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If two similar traits measured by similar instruments show a correlation of .80, this is an example of:
If two similar traits measured by similar instruments show a correlation of .80, this is an example of:
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What does 'discriminant validity' indicate?
What does 'discriminant validity' indicate?
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Consider a scenario where a health instrument is able to identify even slight changes in a patient’s condition over a given period. This is an illustration of:
Consider a scenario where a health instrument is able to identify even slight changes in a patient’s condition over a given period. This is an illustration of:
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Which statement is true regarding the relationship between reliability and validity?
Which statement is true regarding the relationship between reliability and validity?
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What is the 'test-retest' method primarily used to assess?
What is the 'test-retest' method primarily used to assess?
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Which factor is critical in determining the efficacy of a 'stability' measure?
Which factor is critical in determining the efficacy of a 'stability' measure?
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Flashcards
Psychometrics
Psychometrics
The field of study focused on measuring and analyzing psychological and educational characteristics, such as knowledge, skills, and personality traits.
Reliability
Reliability
The consistency of a measurement instrument over time or across different applications.
Validity
Validity
The extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.
Content Validity
Content Validity
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Predictive Validity
Predictive Validity
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Criterion Validity
Criterion Validity
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Concurrent Validity
Concurrent Validity
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Convergent Validity
Convergent Validity
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Discriminant Validity
Discriminant Validity
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Responsiveness
Responsiveness
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Test-Retest Reliability
Test-Retest Reliability
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Equivalence Reliability
Equivalence Reliability
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Equivalence (Parallel or Alternate Forms Method)
Equivalence (Parallel or Alternate Forms Method)
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Internal Consistency
Internal Consistency
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Objectivity (Interrater Reliability)
Objectivity (Interrater Reliability)
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Coefficient of Determination
Coefficient of Determination
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Standard Error of Estimate
Standard Error of Estimate
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Study Notes
Psychometrics in RT Assessment
- Psychometrics is the field of study focused on the theory and techniques of educational and psychological measurement.
- This includes measuring knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.
- The main goal is to understand differences between individuals.
- Two major research areas involve instrument construction and theoretical measurement development.
Validity vs. Reliability
- Reliability refers to the consistency of a measurement tool.
- A reliable instrument will produce similar results when administered multiple times.
- Dependability and stability are also related to reliability.
- Validity refers to the extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
Types of Evidence of Validity
- The presentation focuses on internal and external validity.
- Types of internal validity include logical (face and content) and statistical (criterion, concurrent, predictive, construct, divergent, convergent, responsiveness).
Types of Internal Validity
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Logical Validity:
- Face Validity: Appears to measure the intended construct at face value; weakest form (e.g., 40-yard dash for speed).
- Content Validity: Measures all aspects of the construct. Uses expert panels or juries of authorities to evaluate if the measures are adequately representative (for questionnaires or written instruments).
-
Statistical Validity:
- Criterion Validity: Measures how well a score on one test predicts a score on another.
- Concurrent Validity: Measures a construct against a gold standard. Often using correlation; (e.g., underwater weighing for body composition/mass index).
- Predictive Validity: Measures how well a score forecasts a future criterion (e.g., SAT/GRE and student success, MMSE and dementia symptoms).
- Construct Validity: Measures how well a test represents a theoretical construct. Involves establishing convergence and divergence.
- Convergent Validity: High correlation between measures of similar traits assessed by similar instruments (.80 or higher correlation is considered significant). (e.g., CES-D and Beck Depression inventories).
- Discriminant Validity: Low correlation between measures of dissimilar traits assessed by similar instruments (significantly lower than 1.00). (e.g., CES-D and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety).
- Responsiveness: Measures the ability to detect change over time, especially important in tracking health changes (important for changes in health status).
- Criterion Validity: Measures how well a score on one test predicts a score on another.
Reliability
- Reliability means repeatability and trustworthiness.
- A reliable measure produces consistent results.
- Reliability focuses on the scores or data, not the instrument.
- High reliability does not automatically guarantee validity.
Types of Reliability Measures
- Stability: Correlation of the results from the same instrument administered on two separate occasions (e.g., Test-Retest). Useful for measuring things like physical fitness (heart rate, blood pressure), but less appropriate for knowledge-based tests measured with paper or pencil. Time between administrations should be considered.
- Equivalence: Correlation between results from two different versions of the same test. Used mostly for standardized tests and knowledge, such as ACT or SAT (Parallel or Alternate Forms). (e.g., English vs. Spanish versions, adult vs. child versions, long vs. short forms).
- Internal Consistency: Consistency of scores within a single test. Measured by correlating results from different parts of a test (e.g., first half vs. second half, odd items vs. even items). (e.g., assessing using Pearson r or Spearman-Brown correlation).
- Objectivity: Consistency of scores across multiple testers. Also known as Inter-rater Reliability (e.g., behavioral observations or ratings in healthcare assessments, where a score is assessed using different raters). Agreement between multiple observers should be greater than .50. (e.g., 80% or higher).
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of psychometrics within the realm of RT assessment. This quiz delves into the principles of measurement, focusing on reliability, validity, and the different types of evidence that support these constructs. Test your understanding of how these concepts are applied in educational and psychological contexts.