Psychology Week 1

A system used for classifying humans based on the belief that people possess inherited and fixed biological characteristics. This classification is based on social categories, not biology.

Negative attitudes or feelings directed towards members of a specific social group.

Unequal treatment of individuals due to their group membership.

Assumptions about the characteristics of individuals within a group based on their group membership.

Unfair bias toward members of groups or individuals with characteristics that evoke prejudgment.

The study of feelings, behaviors, and conscious/unconscious thoughts.

A research method that examines relationships between variables but doesn't prove cause and effect.

Analyzing social dynamics by examining individual and interpersonal factors.

People are perceived as belonging to a group based on whether they match or do not match the stereotype.

People are grouped into different clusters within a social category, recognizing diversity beyond the stereotype.

The idea that people can belong to multiple social categories, such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status, which can overlap and influence their experiences.

When individuals with multiple subordinate identities experience compounded disadvantages due to the intersection of their identities.

The perception that certain racial/ethnic groups are inherently inferior in competence, often linked to stereotypes.

The tendency to categorize people based on observable characteristics like race or gender.

How the way someone looks influences how we place them in a group.

Examines how stereotypes and prejudices are passed down through generations and media.

Using tools like the Implicit Association Test to measure unconscious biases.

The tendency to overlook or ignore individuals with multiple subordinate identities (e.g., Black woman, gay Asian man).

The idea that the generic person is imagined as male, White, and heterosexual.

When someone deviates from the expected stereotype for their group, they may be seen as more or less typical (hyper or hypo prototypical).

A model explaining how people with multiple subordinate identities may be overlooked or ignored because they don't fit into the usual category of either group.

Individuals with multiple subordinate identities are less likely to be seen as typical category members by others.

The idea that race is not biologically determined but is a social concept that shapes power structures and stereotypes.

Unwritten advantages conferred by belonging to a dominant group.

The subtle influences of culture shaping our biases, attitudes, and perceptions often without conscious awareness.

A concept or construct that varies in a study, having at least two levels.

A specific way of measuring or manipulating a concept as a variable in a study.

A study where all variables are measured, none are manipulated, and it aims to find relationships between them.

A study where one variable is manipulated by researchers to observe effects on another variable.

A procedure used to assign participants randomly to experimental conditions or order of conditions.

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment, hypothesized to be the cause.

The variable that is measured after the manipulation in an experiment, hypothesized to be the effect.

A situation where one group experiences significantly worse outcomes compared to another group.

A statistical value indicating the strength and direction of association between two variables.

A statistic indicating the probability of obtaining results if there were no real association between variables.

A method where participants provide information themselves through surveys, interviews, or questionnaires.

The tendency to underestimate the influence of situational factors and overemphasize personality-based explanations for behavior.

The belief that the world is fair and people get what they deserve.

A model that identifies dimensions of stereotypes (warmth and competence) and predicts emotional reactions.

A shared system of meaning and information, transmitted across generations, that helps a group survive, thrive, and find meaning.