Psychology Vocabulary Quiz

A language disorder caused by brain damage, typically resulting in difficulty with language production, comprehension, or both.

The process of incorporating new information or experiences into existing cognitive schemas.

The emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver.

<p>A strict parenting style characterized by high demands and low responsiveness; parents expect obedience and use punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A developmental milestone in infancy when infants produce repetitive, nonsensical sounds as they experiment with vocalizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to Erik Erikson, the sense of security and confidence in the world that develops during infancy through consistent and nurturing caregiving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A region of the brain located in the frontal lobe, responsible for speech production and language processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental processes such as perception, thinking, memory, and problem-solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The third stage of cognitive development in Jean Piaget's theory, occurring from about 7 to 11 years old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The understanding that certain properties of objects, such as quantity, volume, or number, remain constant despite changes in their physical appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, it emphasizes the influence of various environmental systems on individual development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inability to take another person's perspective or understand that others may have different thoughts, feelings, or beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A developmental stage proposed by Jeffrey Arnett, characterized by identity exploration, instability, self-focus, and possibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larger social system in which the individual does not function directly but which affects the person's microsystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fourth and final stage in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, occurring from about age 12 through adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The set of rules and principles that govern the structure, composition, and use of language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distinct characteristics, beliefs, values, and experiences that define an individual's sense of self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The status of individuals who have explored various identities and made a commitment to one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of rapid and irreversible learning that occurs during a critical period, typically in young animals, in which they form strong attachments to a specific individual or object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pattern of attachment behavior characterized by anxiety, avoidance, or ambivalence in the relationship between an infant and their caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of communication consisting of symbols, such as words and gestures, that convey meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothesis that the structure of language influences or determines the way individuals perceive and think about the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that differences in language structure or vocabulary can lead to differences in thought and perception across cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smallest unit of language that carries meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The one-word stage, also known as the holophrastic stage, is a developmental stage in language acquisition during which children typically use single words to convey entire meanings or concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The application of a grammatical rule in cases where it doesn't apply, often seen in children's language development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lenient parenting style characterized by low demands and high responsiveness; parents are indulgent and may avoid confrontation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The second stage of cognitive development in Jean Piaget's theory, occurring from about 2 to 7 years old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The support or guidance provided to learners to help them acquire new skills or knowledge, gradually reducing as the learner becomes more competent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual's perception and evaluation of themselves, including beliefs, attitudes, and self-awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The meaning of words and sentences; the aspect of language concerned with meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first stage of cognitive development in Jean Piaget's theory, occurring from birth to about 2 years old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distress shown by infants when a primary caregiver leaves, reflecting attachment bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The culturally prescribed timeline for major life events, such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of an individual's self-concept that is based on their identification with a particular social group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A laboratory procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to assess the quality of attachment between an infant and their caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fear or wariness that infants typically display when encountering unfamiliar people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stage of language development in which young children speak using short, simple sentences that mainly consist of nouns and verbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual's characteristic patterns of mood, activity level, emotional reactivity, and attention span.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to understand and attribute mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions, to oneself and others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A region of the brain located in the left temporal lobe, involved in language comprehension and processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vygotsky's concept of the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the process of modifying existing cognitive schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information or experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action, common in young children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A language disorder due to brain damage, affecting speech and comprehension.

Incorporating new information into existing mental frameworks.

Emotional bond between an infant and their caregiver, marked by seeking proximity.

Strict style with high demands, low responsiveness; emphasizes obedience.

Supportive style with high demands and responsiveness; sets standards while being nurturing.

Infants produce repetitive, nonsensical sounds while experimenting with speech.

Sense of security developed in infancy through consistent caregiving.

Brain region in the frontal lobe responsible for speech production.

Mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

Piaget's third stage, ages 7-11, where logical thinking about concrete events develops.

Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.

Bronfenbrenner's theory on how various environments affect individual development.

Inability to see from another's perspective, common in young children.

Developmental stage in late teens to early twenties marked by exploration and self-focus.

Social system affecting an individual indirectly, such as a parent's workplace.

Piaget's fourth stage from age 12 onward; abstract, logical thinking develops.

Rules governing the structure and use of a language.

Characteristics and beliefs defining an individual's sense of self.

Rapid learning forming strong attachments during a critical period of development.

Attachment style marked by anxiety or avoidance towards caregiver.

Close connection defined by emotional closeness and trust.

System of communication through symbols that convey meaning.

Smallest unit of language carrying meaning, like prefixes or whole words.

Understanding that objects exist even when not seen, developed in infancy.

Stage in language acquisition where children use single words for whole ideas.

Applying a grammatical rule in inappropriate situations, often in children’s speech.

Lenient style with few demands and high responsiveness.

Smallest sound unit in a language that can distinguish meaning.

Piaget's second stage from ages 2-7, marked by symbolic thinking and egocentrism.

Mental framework organizing knowledge and understanding of the world.

Healthy emotional bond with caregiver, marked by trust and comfort.

Individual’s perception and evaluation of their own identity and worth.

Meaning in language; the aspect dealing with words and phrases.

Piaget's first stage (birth-2 years); learning through senses and actions.

Distress infants show when separated from their caregiver, reflecting attachment issues.

Culturally defined timeline for major life events like marriage and parenthood.

Part of self-concept based on group memberships, like ethnicity or religion.

Fear infants show towards unfamiliar people, typical from 6-8 months old.

Early speech in children using simple sentences, mainly nouns and verbs.

Stable patterns of behavior and mood in individuals from a young age.

Ability to understand that others have different thoughts and feelings than oneself.

Language milestone when children combine two words to express meanings.

Brain region in the left temporal lobe responsible for language comprehension.

Difference between what a learner can do alone and with help.

Modifying existing schemas or creating new ones when encountering new information.

Belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, common in young children.