Psychology Vocabulary - Module 1

Behaviorism = The study of behavior. Cognitive psychology = The study of mental processes. Consciousness = Awareness of ourselves and our environment. Empiricism = The belief that knowledge comes from experience.

Flashbulb memory = A highly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event. Functionalism = A school of American psychology that focused on the utility of consciousness. Gestalt psychology = An attempt to study the unity of experience. Individual differences = Ways in which people differ in terms of their behavior, emotion, cognition, and development.

Introspection = A method of focusing on internal processes. Neural impulse = An electro-chemical signal that enables neurons to communicate. Practitioner-Scholar Model = A model of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes clinical practice. Psychophysics = Study of the relationships between physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli.

<p>Scientist-practitioner model = A model of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes the development of both research and clinical skills. Structuralism = A school of American psychology that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon = The inability to pull a word from memory even though there is the sensation that that word is available. Confounds = Factors that undermine the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependent variable = The variable the researcher measures but does not manipulate in an experiment. Experimenter expectations = When the experimenter’s expectations influence the outcome of a study. Independent variable = The variable the researcher manipulates and controls in an experiment. Longitudinal study = A study that follows the same group of individuals over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operational definitions = How researchers specifically measure a concept. Participant demand = When participants behave in a way that they think the experimenter wants them to behave. Placebo effect = When receiving special treatment or something new affects human behavior. Quasi-experimental design = An experiment that does not require random assignment to conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlation = Measures the association between two variables, or how they go together. Experiment = A research method involving manipulation and measurement. Placebo effect = An effect where a participant improves after receiving a treatment that has no therapeutic effect. Random assignment = A technique used to ensure each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eugenics = The practice of selective breeding to promote desired traits. Realism = A point of view that emphasizes the importance of the senses in providing knowledge of the external world. Behaviorism = An approach that focuses on observable behaviors. Cognitive dissonance = A psychological theory that addresses the discomfort arising from conflicting beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviorism = The study of behavior. Cognitive psychology = The study of mental processes. Empiricism = The belief that knowledge comes from experience. Consciousness = Awareness of ourselves and our environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flashbulb memory = A highly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event. Functionalism = A school of American psychology that focused on the utility of consciousness. Gestalt psychology = An attempt to study the unity of experience. Individual differences = Ways in which people differ in terms of their behavior, emotion, cognition, and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introspection = A method of focusing on internal processes. Neural impulse = An electro-chemical signal that enables neurons to communicate. Longitudinal study = A study that follows the same group of individuals over time. Dependent variable = The variable the researcher measures but does not manipulate in an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent variable = The variable the researcher manipulates and controls in an experiment. Correlation = Measures the association between two variables, or how they go together. Placebo effect = When receiving special treatment or something new affects human behavior. Quasi-experimental design = An experiment that does not require random assignment to conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practitioner-Scholar Model = A model of training that emphasizes clinical practice. Scientist-practitioner model = A model of training that emphasizes the development of both research and clinical skills. Structuralism = A school of American psychology that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience. Psychophysics = Study of the relationships between physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimenter expectations = When the experimenter’s expectations influence the outcome of a study. Participant demand = When participants behave in a way that they think the experimenter wants them to behave. Confounds = Factors that undermine the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon = The sensation of being unable to retrieve a word from memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eugenics = The practice of selective breeding to promote desired traits. Realism = A point of view that emphasizes the importance of the senses in providing knowledge of the external world. Empiricism = The belief that knowledge comes from experience. Functionalism = A school of thought that focuses on the purpose of consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flashbulb memory = A vividly detailed memory of an emotionally significant event. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon = The sensation that a word is available but cannot be retrieved. Introspection = Self-examination of one's thoughts and feelings. Neural impulse = The signal that enables communication between neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviorism = The study of behavior Cognitive psychology = The study of mental processes Consciousness = Awareness of ourselves and our environment Empiricism = The belief that knowledge comes from experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flashbulb memory = A highly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon = The inability to pull a word from memory even though there is the sensation that that word is available Confounds = Factors that undermine the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment Placebo effect = When receiving special treatment or something new affects human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functionalism = A school that focused on the utility of consciousness Gestalt psychology = An attempt to study the unity of experience Structuralism = A school that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience Realism = A point of view that emphasizes the importance of the senses in providing knowledge of the external world</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependent variable = The variable the researcher measures but does not manipulate in an experiment Independent variable = The variable the researcher manipulates and controls in an experiment Longitudinal study = A study that follows the same group of individuals over time Quasi-experimental design = An experiment that does not require random assignment to conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practitioner-Scholar Model = Emphasizes clinical practice in training professional psychologists Scientist-practitioner model = Emphasizes the development of both research and clinical skills Neural impulse = An electro-chemical signal that enables neurons to communicate Introspection = A method of focusing on internal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlation = Measures the association between two variables, or how they go together Experimenter expectations = When the experimenter’s expectations influence the outcome of a study Participant demand = When participants behave in a way that they think the experimenter wants them to behave Operational definitions = How researchers specifically measure a concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eugenics = The practice of selective breeding to promote desired traits Psychophysics = Study of the relationships between physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli Individual differences = Ways in which people differ in terms of their behavior, emotion, cognition, and development Flashbulb memory = A highly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviorism = Focus on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states Empiricism = Knowledge derived from sensory experience Cognitive psychology = Focus on internal processes, memory, and learning Functionalism = Focus on how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientist-practitioner model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge that arises from sensory experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study that follows the same individuals over a period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimenter expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of sensory stimuli and their perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eugenics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unity and holistic experience of perception</p> Signup and view all the answers