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Questions and Answers
Which component of the tri-component model of attitudes reflects how you feel about something?
Which component of the tri-component model of attitudes reflects how you feel about something?
What type of discrimination occurs when unfavourable treatment is based on personal characteristics protected by law?
What type of discrimination occurs when unfavourable treatment is based on personal characteristics protected by law?
Which component of attitudes includes beliefs and thoughts about people or objects?
Which component of attitudes includes beliefs and thoughts about people or objects?
What is a potential negative effect of relying on stereotypes?
What is a potential negative effect of relying on stereotypes?
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How is indirect discrimination defined?
How is indirect discrimination defined?
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Which statement best describes prejudice?
Which statement best describes prejudice?
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What is one benefit of stereotypes in social interactions?
What is one benefit of stereotypes in social interactions?
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What is the focus of the behavioural component of attitudes?
What is the focus of the behavioural component of attitudes?
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What is the tendency to perceive close parts of a visual stimulus as belonging to a group called?
What is the tendency to perceive close parts of a visual stimulus as belonging to a group called?
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Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing perceptual factors?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing perceptual factors?
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What is a supertaster characterized by?
What is a supertaster characterized by?
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Which of the following describes size constancy?
Which of the following describes size constancy?
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Which type of synaesthesia involves perceiving words as having tastes?
Which type of synaesthesia involves perceiving words as having tastes?
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What does the term 'perceptual set' refer to?
What does the term 'perceptual set' refer to?
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Which of the following factors is generally considered a cause of synaesthesia?
Which of the following factors is generally considered a cause of synaesthesia?
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Which type of attention allows an individual to focus on a single task while ignoring distractions?
Which type of attention allows an individual to focus on a single task while ignoring distractions?
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What is the definition of sustained attention?
What is the definition of sustained attention?
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Which factor primarily influences conformity through the desire to be accepted by a group?
Which factor primarily influences conformity through the desire to be accepted by a group?
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Which of the following is a negative influence of social media?
Which of the following is a negative influence of social media?
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What characterizes divided attention?
What characterizes divided attention?
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What is the process of conformity primarily concerned with?
What is the process of conformity primarily concerned with?
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Which situation exemplifies informational influence in conformity?
Which situation exemplifies informational influence in conformity?
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What is one way a hypothesis is defined?
What is one way a hypothesis is defined?
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Which of these factors is NOT associated with conformity?
Which of these factors is NOT associated with conformity?
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What psychological effect did the Stanford prison experiment reveal about individuals in positions of authority?
What psychological effect did the Stanford prison experiment reveal about individuals in positions of authority?
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Which ethical concern was raised regarding Milgram's experiment?
Which ethical concern was raised regarding Milgram's experiment?
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What was the aim of Zimbardo's study?
What was the aim of Zimbardo's study?
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What conclusion can be drawn about the power dynamics in the Stanford prison experiment?
What conclusion can be drawn about the power dynamics in the Stanford prison experiment?
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Which ethical principle was most compromised in Zimbardo's study?
Which ethical principle was most compromised in Zimbardo's study?
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What did Milgram's experiment primarily demonstrate about human behavior?
What did Milgram's experiment primarily demonstrate about human behavior?
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What psychological symptoms did participants assigned as 'prisoners' experience in Zimbardo's study?
What psychological symptoms did participants assigned as 'prisoners' experience in Zimbardo's study?
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What aspect showed the dehumanization of prisoners in Zimbardo's study?
What aspect showed the dehumanization of prisoners in Zimbardo's study?
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In a research study examining if sugar consumption affects children's attention, which variable is the dependent variable (DV)?
In a research study examining if sugar consumption affects children's attention, which variable is the dependent variable (DV)?
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What is the halo effect?
What is the halo effect?
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What are heuristics primarily used for?
What are heuristics primarily used for?
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Which of the following best defines 'obedience'?
Which of the following best defines 'obedience'?
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In Milgram's experiment, what was the significant outcome regarding participants' behavior?
In Milgram's experiment, what was the significant outcome regarding participants' behavior?
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What is the primary focus of observations in research?
What is the primary focus of observations in research?
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What is an example of a problem associated with heuristics?
What is an example of a problem associated with heuristics?
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How is respect defined in an ethical context?
How is respect defined in an ethical context?
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What is the main reason people conform according to Asch's experiment?
What is the main reason people conform according to Asch's experiment?
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Which of the following best defines cognitive dissonance?
Which of the following best defines cognitive dissonance?
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What does social proximity refer to in psychology?
What does social proximity refer to in psychology?
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Which design involves participants experiencing both experimental and control conditions?
Which design involves participants experiencing both experimental and control conditions?
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How is bottom-up processing best described?
How is bottom-up processing best described?
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Ingroup and outgroup refer to what concepts in social psychology?
Ingroup and outgroup refer to what concepts in social psychology?
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What conclusion did Asch come to regarding the behavior of participants in his study?
What conclusion did Asch come to regarding the behavior of participants in his study?
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Which of these describes top-down processing?
Which of these describes top-down processing?
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Study Notes
Psychology Unit 2 Exam Notes
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Tri-component model of attitudes: Combines affective (feelings), behavioural (actions), and cognitive (thoughts) components. Examples include feeling good with friends, spending time with friends, and thinking friends are nice.
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Stereotypes: Fixed ideas about groups, ignoring individual differences. Stereotypes can be positive, negative, or neutral, and can be helpful for quick impressions, but can cause harm by causing different treatment.
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Direct and indirect discrimination: Direct discrimination is treating someone differently due to a protected characteristic (age, sex, etc.). Indirect discrimination applies a rule to everyone, but it disadvantages someone because of a protected characteristic.
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Prejudice: Negative attitude toward a group based on their membership, not individual characteristics.
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Stigma: Negative attitude or belief associated with a certain characteristic (e.g., disability, gender). This can lead to unfair treatment.
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Biological factors affecting taste: Age (fewer taste buds as you age) and genetics (varying number of taste buds).
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Social factors affecting taste: Food culture, historical experiences (practical uses of ingredients), and songlines (knowledge of food sources).
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Gestalt principles: Ways we group visual elements to perceive a whole object (figure-ground, camouflage, closure, similarity, proximity).
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Perceptual set: Tendency to interpret things in a certain way based on past experiences and expectations.
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Factors influencing perceptual factors: Past experiences and memory influence our interpretations of stimuli.
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Attention: Level of awareness of a stimulus, includes sustained (prolonged focus), selective (focusing on one), and divided (focusing on multiple).
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Conformity: Changing one's beliefs, attitudes, or behaviours to match the group. Factors include group size, unanimity, informational influence, normative influence, culture, social loafing, and deindividuation.
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Defining 'respect': Consideration of the value and agency of living things, giving them due regard.
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Observations, self-reporting, qualitative, and objective: Observation is close examination, self-report is when participants document results, qualitative data describes characteristics, subjective factors are personal judgments. Objective is based on external factors.
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Halo effect: One positive impression influences other perceptions of a person.
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Heuristics: Cognitive shortcuts; quick decisions when information is limited.
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Obedience: Changing behaviour in response to authority figures.
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Milgram's experiment: Examined the extent people would obey authority figures, even if harmful.
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Zimbardo's prison experiment: Showed how social roles (guard, prisoner) dramatically influence behaviour. Concerns were raised about physical and psychological harm to participants.
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Supertasters: People with more taste buds; heightened sensitivity to taste.
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Synaesthesia: Sensory experience triggered by a different sensory stimulus (e.g., seeing colors when hearing sounds).
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Perception: Process of recognising, interpreting and giving meaning to sensory information.
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Asch's experiment: Tested conformity, finding that people often conform to group pressure, even when they know it's wrong. Experimental designs like between-subjects and within-subjects, are explained.
Experimental Designs
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Between-subjects design: Participants randomly assigned to either control or experimental group.
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Within-subjects design: All participants experience all conditions of the study.
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Mixed design: Combination of between-subject and within-subject designs.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Psychology Unit 2, including the tri-component model of attitudes, stereotypes, discrimination, prejudice, and stigma. Understanding these terms is crucial for grasping the complexities of social psychology and individual behavior. Test your knowledge and prepare for your exam effectively.