Psychology: Types of Interviews
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Questions and Answers

What type of interview allows the client to answer in an elaborate manner?

  • Unstructured interviews (correct)
  • Closed questions
  • Semi-structured interviews
  • Structured diagnostic interviews

    • What is the purpose of the SCID-5?

  • To treat depression
  • To ensure that major DSM-5 diagnoses are systematically evaluated (correct)
  • To select a study population
  • To diagnose all mental health disorders

    • What type of interview has a very specific format for asking questions?

  • Semi-structured interviews
  • Unstructured interviews
  • Open-ended interviews
  • Structured diagnostic interviews (correct)

    • What is the purpose of using the SCID-5 in a study?

    <p>To ensure that study subjects meet DSM-5 criteria for Major Depressive Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between SCID-I and SCID-CV?

    <p>SCID-I is more comprehensive, while SCID-CV covers only common disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of question is typically used in structured diagnostic interviews?

    <p>Yes-or-no questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between unstructured and semi-structured interviews?

    <p>Unstructured interviews have a loose set of goals and questions, while semi-structured interviews have specific questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using the SCID-5?

    <p>It ensures that major DSM-5 diagnoses are systematically evaluated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of a clinician in an interview?

    <p>On the client's problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rephrasing/clarifying in an interview?

    <p>To ensure understanding of the client's words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'cultural humility' in the context of interviewing?

    <p>Being open to cultural differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ask clients to define their problems clearly?

    <p>Because clients are often vague about their problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a well-defined goal for therapy?

    <p>It must be expressed in terms of behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to ask direct questions in a suicide assessment?

    <p>To determine the client's intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of a non-judgmental stance in an interview?

    <p>Avoiding self-disclosure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of summarizing in an interview?

    <p>To ensure understanding and provide feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the patient's current emotional state?

    <p>Sad and complains of fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often has the patient been bothered by little interest or pleasure in doing things?

    <p>Nearly every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of active listening?

    <p>Attention to body language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the patient's response to feeling bad about themselves?

    <p>More than half the days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the patient's response to moving or speaking so slowly?

    <p>Not at all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the patient's response to trouble concentrating on things?

    <p>Nearly every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the patient's response to feeling tired or having little energy?

    <p>Nearly every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the patient's response to thoughts of hurting themselves?

    <p>Several days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research method is a couple interview an example of?

    <p>Qualitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge when interviewing families?

    <p>Establishing rapport with multiple individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid when interviewing older adults?

    <p>Stereotyping based on age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have good lighting when interviewing older adults?

    <p>To ensure the participant is visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do when speaking to an older adult?

    <p>Speak while looking directly at them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can enhance verbal communication with older adults?

    <p>Adding visual and tactile stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to start on time when interviewing older adults?

    <p>To show respect for their time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after completing an interview with an older adult?

    <p>Complete your documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of interviewing children and adolescents?

    <p>Using age-appropriate behavior and language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of direct observations in different environments?

    <p>It provides a more comprehensive understanding of the client's behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of self-monitoring strategies?

    <p>To decrease memory errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of self-monitoring strategies?

    <p>It can affect the behavior being evaluated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of ecological momentary assessment?

    <p>It minimizes recall bias and maximizes ecological validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is collected through ecological momentary assessment?

    <p>Emotions, thoughts, behaviors, or experiences in real-time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using ecological momentary assessment in research?

    <p>To understand the microprocesses that influence behavior in real-world contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of ecological momentary assessment?

    <p>It uses a smartphone, tablet, or other device to prompt the user randomly throughout the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Interviews

    • Unstructured interviews: clinician interviews client based on a loose set of goals and questions
      • Open questions: allow and encourage client to answer in elaborate manner
      • Closed questions: Yes-or-no questions
    • Semi-structured interviews: specific questions set by clinician (or treatment clinic) that allow some flexibility
    • Structured diagnostic interviews: very specific format for asking questions and for determining follow-up questions
      • Examples: Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders (SCID), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5)

    Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5)

    • Designed to cover DSM-5 disorders
    • Administered by a clinician or trained mental health professional familiar with DSM-5 classification and diagnostic criteria
    • Used to ensure major DSM-5 diagnoses are systematically evaluated
    • Examples of uses: clinical intake procedures, comprehensive forensic diagnostic evaluation, selecting a study population

    PHQ Depression Module

    • A questionnaire used to assess depression symptoms
    • Example questions: little interest or pleasure in doing things, feeling down, depressed, or hopeless, trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much

    General Issues in Interviewing

    • Attending skills: important components of active listening
      • Attention to body language: eye contact, leaning forward, head nods, etc.
      • Absence of verbal activity
      • Restating what the client said and checking if that was correct
      • Rephrasing/clarifying
      • Non-directional reflection of feeling
      • Summarizing
    • Focus on the client: clinician does not self-disclose or convey things they are struggling with
    • Respectful and non-judgmental
    • Non-blaming stance
    • Cultural sensitivity
      • Knowledge of self and own culture
      • Knowledge of others and differences
      • 'Cultural humility' – openness to differences (without pathologizing)

    Importance of Defining the Problem

    • Clients are often vague about presenting problems
    • Clinician must know what is normative behavior
    • Questions about the frequency, duration, and intensity of the problem
    • Questions about the meaning of the problem

    Importance of Defining the Goals for Treatment

    • Clients often do not know what therapy can do
    • Goals must be important to the client
    • Goals must be expressed in terms of the ways people behave
    • Goals must be small, simple, and achievable
    • Goals must be in positive terms (e.g., "how would you know if therapy worked?")

    Suicide Assessment

    • Importance of asking direct questions
    • Specific thoughts about suicide
    • Past attempts
    • Plans for committing suicide (obtaining means)
    • Ever cut yourself intentionally?
    • What are the reasons for committing suicide
    • Friendship or support system in place?

    Interviewing Special Populations

    • Interviewing couples: importance of flexibility and interpersonal skills of the clinician
    • Interviewing families: similar challenges as with couples – but with the difficulty of establishing rapport with many individuals at once
    • Interviewing older adults: knowledge of life span issues without stereotyping
      • Possible concerns: declining health, loss of autonomy, bereavement, mortality
    • Interviewing children and adolescents: using age-appropriate behavior and language
      • Not leading the child to an answer or response
      • Less eye contact is often helpful
      • Knowledge of current media/toys/games

    Observations

    • Attention to many facets of the client during the interview: e.g., client activity level, attention span, impulsivity, tone of voice, self-reflectiveness, etc.
    • Direct observations: observing the client in different environments if possible (e.g., child with ADHD at school)

    Self-Monitoring

    • Strategy for clients to write down/log information throughout the day on a particular behavior (e.g., smoking, food intake, headache, interpersonal interaction)
    • Helps decrease memory errors
    • Provides additional information about context
    • Reactivity: how self-monitoring can affect the behavior being evaluated

    Ecological Momentary Assessment

    • Gathering data about emotions, thoughts, behaviors, or experiences through the use of a smartphone, tablet, or other device that prompts the user randomly throughout the day
    • Aims to minimize recall bias, maximize ecological validity, and allow study of microprocesses that influence behavior in real-world contexts

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    Description

    This quiz covers the different types of interviews used in psychology, including unstructured and semi-structured interviews. Learn about the characteristics of open and closed questions and how they are used in clinical settings.

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