40 Questions
What is the primary purpose of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5)?
To characterize a study population in terms of current and previous psychiatric diagnoses
What can the diagnostic data obtained using the SCID interview be utilized by?
Researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and the general public
What is the benefit of the SCID for students in the mental health professions?
To improve interviewing skills
What is the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-IV) designed to cover?
DSM anxiety disorders and common co-morbid disorders
What is the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) used for?
To screen for mental disorders in primary care
What is the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) used for?
As a diagnostic tool for mental health disorders used by health care professionals
What is a limitation of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD)?
It is brief, which makes it less reliable
What is a benefit of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)?
It is quick and easy for patients to complete
When interviewing children and adolescents, what is helpful?
Less eye contact is often helpful
What is a benefit of using self-monitoring strategies?
It helps decrease memory errors
What is Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) used for?
To gather data about emotions, thoughts, behaviors, or experiences
What is a potential limitation of self-monitoring?
Reactivity
What is an example of direct observation?
Observing a client with ADHD at school
Why is Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) effective?
Because it minimizes recall bias and maximizes ecological validity
What is a goal of observations during an interview?
To observe many facets of the client's behavior
What is a benefit of using direct observations?
To observe the client's behavior in different environments
What is a primary method clinical psychologists use to gather assessment data?
Talking to clients and observing them
What is the most common strategy for gathering information necessary to make a diagnosis?
Interviews
What is the primary purpose of unstructured interviews?
To allow the psychologist to decide what questions to ask
What is a key feature of semi-structured interviews?
The psychologist has some flexibility in questioning and the order of questions
What is the primary purpose of highly structured interviews?
To specify the precise ways that questions should be posed
What is an important consideration for clinical psychologists when conducting interviews?
The client's right to confidentiality
What is a key benefit of using interviews in clinical psychology?
They facilitate the development of a collaborative relationship between the psychologist and client
What is a common use of interviews in clinical psychology beyond diagnosis?
To obtain information for case formulation
What type of interview allows the client to answer in an elaborate manner?
Unstructured interviews
Which type of interview has a very specific format for asking questions and determining follow-up questions?
Structured diagnostic interviews
What is the purpose of the SCID-5 in a study on the effectiveness of a treatment for depression?
To select a study population
What is a key challenge in conducting a couple interview?
Maintaining flexibility and structuring the interview
What type of question is used in unstructured interviews?
Open questions
What is a common application of couple interviews?
Household research
What is the difference between SCID-I and SCID-CV?
SCID-I covers all DSM disorders, while SCID-CV covers only common disorders
Who administers the SCID-5?
A clinician familiar with the DSM-5
What is a unique consideration when interviewing families?
Establishing rapport with multiple individuals at once
What is the main goal of using the SCID-5 in clinical intake procedures?
To ensure that major DSM-5 diagnoses are systematically evaluated
What is an important consideration when interviewing older adults?
Avoiding age stereotypes
Why is it important to start the interview with older adults by asking about their most important issue?
To understand their priorities and concerns
What is the difference between semi-structured interviews and structured diagnostic interviews?
Semi-structured interviews are more flexible, while structured diagnostic interviews are more rigid
What can enhance verbal communication with older adults?
Adding visual and tactile stimuli
Why is it important to have nursing personnel move patients from the waiting room to the exam room?
To enhance the patient's comfort and dignity
What should be avoided during an interview with an older adult?
Engaging in hallway conversations
Study Notes
Types of Interviews
- Unstructured interviews: clinician interviews client based on a loose set of goals and questions, using open questions to encourage elaborate answers.
- Semi-structured interviews: specific questions set by clinician, allowing some flexibility in how and what is asked.
- Structured diagnostic interviews: very specific format for asking questions and determining follow-up questions, used to make diagnoses.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5)
- Designed to cover DSM-5 disorders, administered by a clinician or trained mental health professional.
- Used to ensure major DSM-5 diagnoses are systematically evaluated, for example, in clinical intake procedures or comprehensive forensic diagnostic evaluation.
- Also used to select a study population, for example, in a study of the effectiveness of a treatment for depression.
Other Structured Diagnostic Interviews
- Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders (SCID): covers DSM disorders, with variations SCID-I and SCID-CV.
- Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-IV): covers DSM anxiety disorders and common co-morbid disorders.
- Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD): brief measure used in primary care to screen for mental disorders.
- Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): diagnostic tool for mental health disorders used by health care professionals.
General Issues in Interviewing
- Interviewing couples: importance of flexibility and interpersonal skills of the clinician, semi-structured or unstructured interviews.
- Interviewing families: similar challenges as with couples, but with the difficulty of establishing rapport with many individuals at once.
- Interviewing older adults: knowledge of life span issues without stereotyping, using strategies such as speaking clearly, maintaining eye contact, and using visual and tactile stimuli.
- Interviewing children and adolescents: using age-appropriate behavior and language, not leading the child to an answer, and having knowledge of current media/toys/games.
Observations
- Attention to many facets of the client during the interview, such as activity level, attention span, impulsivity, tone of voice, and self-reflectiveness.
- Direct observations: observing the client in different environments if possible, for example, a child with ADHD at school.
- Self-monitoring: strategy for clients to write down/log information throughout the day on a particular behavior, helping to decrease memory errors and providing additional information about context.
- Ecological Momentary Assessment: gathering data about emotions, thoughts, behaviors, or experiences through the use of a smartphone, tablet, or other device that prompts the user randomly throughout the day.
Interviewing and Ethics
- Confidentiality: client has a right to know what will be kept confidential and under what circumstances confidentiality may be broken.
This quiz covers the different types of interviews used in psychology, including unstructured and semi-structured interviews, and the characteristics of open and closed questions.
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