Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What aspect of behavior do behaviorists focus on?

Innate abilities and talents

The influence of the unconscious mind

External environmental factors (correct)

Individual genetic predispositions

Which psychological figure is most associated with the modern behaviorist movement?

John B. Watson

Sigmund Freud

B.F. Skinner (correct)

Carl Jung

According to behaviorists, what governs an individual's behavior?

Personal choices and free will

Principles of evolution and learning (correct)

Spiritual beliefs and values

Unconscious desires and drives

What did John B. Watson advocate in his 1913 publication?

The scientific study of observable behavior (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do contemporary psychological scientists primarily think about Freud's view of the unconscious mind?

They find some value in his concepts of unconscious influences. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'gestalt' roughly translate to in English?

Whole (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key argument made by Gestalt psychologists?

Perceptions are organized into wholes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did the information-processing approach metaphorically compare the mind to?

A computer system (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the 1950s, which two groups had a heated debate regarding language acquisition?

Behaviorists and linguists (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of the humanistic perspective?

Emphasizing self-actualization (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did Gestalt psychology influence the understanding of memory and attention?

By adapting to the organization of experienced elements (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about behaviorists is true?

They focused on observable behaviors. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What main concept did Gestalt psychology challenge?

Consciousness should be dissected. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when one focuses on negative thoughts?

Stimulates the release of stress hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can one trigger a hunger pang according to the content?

By forming a mental picture of a favorite food (B) Signup and view all the answers

What impact does stress have on eating behaviors?

It can lead to eating out of habit (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the brain regions involved in hunger when they are damaged?

They can cause overeating and obesity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mind-body interactions' refer to?

The interplay between psychological and biological processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

When might someone eat out of habit rather than hunger?

When bored or stressed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does positive thinking play when facing challenges?

It helps regulate bodily arousal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is described when someone indulges in snacks while distracted?

Autopilot munching (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does social constructivism suggest about reality?

Reality is a product of shared thinking within social groups. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the sociocultural perspective view human behavior?

As shaped by social and cultural environments. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does culture play according to the content?

Culture influences thoughts, actions, and feelings across generations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a focus of the sociocultural perspective?

The biological basis of cognition. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the concept of cultural learning?

It involves acquiring values and behaviors from peers. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Ray's nervousness on dates can be analyzed through which perspective?

Cognitive perspective examining information processing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of cultural groups?

They develop their own social norms and traditions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social constructivism, how are conflicts like that between Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs perceived?

As rooted in differing interpretations of reality. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What concept suggests that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?

Gestalt psychology (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the cognitive revolution in psychology during the 1960s and 1970s?

Renewed interest in mental processes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a focus of cognitive psychology?

Emotional responses (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological perspective rose to prominence between the 1920s and 1930s?

Behaviorism (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is noted for expanding understanding of memory and distortion factors?

Elizabeth Loftus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What might cognitive psychologists study, according to the modern cognitive perspective?

The nature of expertise (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological school of thought emphasized studying the mind directly?

Structuralism (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did Gestalt psychology influence cognitive psychology?

By stimulating interest in perception and problems (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did Skinner claim about language acquisition?

Language is learned through basic principles of learning. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist argued that humans are biologically preprogrammed to acquire language?

Noam Chomsky (D) Signup and view all the answers

What perspective did psychologists adopt regarding language complexity after debates between Skinner and Chomsky?

A cognitive perspective (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Jean Piaget's theory focus on concerning children's development?

The sophistication of children's thinking processes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the debate over language acquisition?

A shift towards focusing on cognitive factors in language learning. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the debate between Skinner and Chomsky influence the field of psychology?

It encouraged the integration of cognitive psychology. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which concept suggests that the whole perception is more significant than its individual parts?

Gestalt principle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What age did Jean Piaget develop his theories focused on children's thinking processes?

During his adulthood (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Book Title and Edition

Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior
Fourth Edition

Authors

Michael W. Passer
Ronald E. Smith

Book Publisher and Location

McGraw-Hill
Boston, Burr Ridge, IL; Dubuque, IA; Madison, WI; New York; San Francisco; St. Louis; Bangkok; Bogotá; Caracas; Kuala Lumpur; Lisbon; London; Madrid; Mexico City; Milan; Montreal; New Delhi; Santiago; Seoul; Singapore; Sydney; Taipei; Toronto

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Description

Test your understanding of concepts from 'Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior' by Passer and Smith. This quiz covers various topics discussed in the fourth edition, challenging your grasp of psychological principles. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning!