Psychology: Science of Behavior
20 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Who is considered the father of behaviorism?

  • B.F. Skinner
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Abraham Maslow
  • John B. Watson (correct)

The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior.

True (A)

What are the two main branches of psychological research?

Basic research and applied research

The ______ perspective focuses on how people memorize, process, and use information.

<p>Cognitive perspective is concerned with how individuals acquire, process, and utilize information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychological perspectives with their key figures:

<p>Psychodynamic Perspective = Sigmund Freud Behavioral Perspective = John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner Humanistic Perspective = Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Cognitive Perspective = Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffa, and Wolfgang Köhler</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a step in the scientific method?

<p>Analyzing data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A case study is a research method that focuses on a single individual, group, or event.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a psychiatrist?

<p>To diagnose and prescribe treatment for mental disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of ______ in psychological research ensures participants have full knowledge of the study before agreeing to participate.

<p>informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the ethical guidelines for psychological research involving humans?

<p>Participants are not allowed to withdraw from the study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the four goals of psychology?

<p>Interpretation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of breaking down consciousness into its basic elements is called ______.

<p>structuralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wilhelm Wundt's primary method of studying the mind was through objective introspection.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between structuralism and functionalism?

<p>Structuralism focuses on the basic elements of consciousness, while functionalism emphasizes how consciousness helps people adapt to their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pioneers with their respective contributions:

<p>Wilhelm Wundt = Developed structuralism Edward Titchener = Emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind William James = Used objective introspection Sigmund Freud = Developed functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pioneer emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind in shaping behavior?

<p>Sigmund Freud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The goal of ______ in psychology is to change behavior from an undesirable one to a desirable one.

<p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

William James believed that the scientific study of consciousness was readily possible in his time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of objective introspection.

<p>Objective introspection refers to the process of carefully observing and analyzing one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences in a systematic and unbiased manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the goal of prediction in psychology?

<p>Forecasting future behavior based on existing knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is psychology?

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Description in Psychology

Describing what is happening, including the details of where, when, and to whom.

Explanation in Psychology

Explaining why a behavior occurs, seeking the underlying cause.

Prediction in Psychology

Predicting when a behavior will happen again based on past patterns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Control in Psychology

Changing behavior from undesirable to desirable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wilhelm Wundt

The father of psychology, known for his work on consciousness and objective introspection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Structuralism

A school of thought that believes experiences can be broken down into basic elements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Functionalism

A school of thought emphasizing the function of consciousness in everyday life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sigmund Freud

An Austrian neurologist who explored the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory

A theory emphasizing the influence of unconscious drives and conflicts on behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behaviorism

A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors and their relationship to environmental stimuli. It focuses on how behaviors are learned through association, reinforcement, and punishment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychodynamic Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on the unconscious mind, past experiences, and internal conflicts. It emphasizes the idea that early childhood experiences have a significant impact on adult behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a naturally occurring stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response. Think of Pavlov's dogs and the bell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Operant Conditioning

A type of learning where behavior is modified based on its consequences. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are more likely to be repeated, while those that lead to negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Humanistic perspective

A psychological perspective that emphasizes the importance of human potential, free will, and self-actualization. It focuses on understanding the individual's subjective experience and their desire for personal growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes such as memory, attention, perception, and problem solving. It explores how people process, store, and use information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Naturalistic Observation

A research method that involves observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulation or interference. It provides a realistic view of behavior but lacks control over variables.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Case Study

A research method involving an in-depth study of a single individual, group, or event. It provides detailed insights but may not be generalizable to the wider population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ethical Guidelines in Psychology

A set of ethical guidelines that researchers must follow when conducting psychological studies on human participants. These guidelines aim to protect the well-being and rights of the participants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Critical Thinking

The ability to analyze information, think critically, and evaluate evidence. It involves asking questions, forming conclusions, and considering different perspectives.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Psychology: The Science of Behavior and Mental Processes

  • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
  • Four main goals of psychology:
    • Description: Observing and recording behaviors, noting what, where, when, and how it occurs.
    • Explanation: Determining the cause of a behavior.
    • Prediction: Forecasting future behaviors.
    • Control: Modifying behaviors, moving from undesirable to desirable.

Early Pioneers of Psychology

  • Wilhelm Wundt: Father of psychology; established objective introspection, a method to examine subjective experiences objectively.
  • Edward Titchener: Wundt's student; developed structuralism, focusing on breaking down experience into basic elements.
  • William James: Developed functionalism, studying how the mind functions in everyday life, focusing on mental processes, behaviors, and adaptations.
  • Sigmund Freud: Austrian neurologist; pioneered the psychodynamic perspective, emphasizing the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and motivations behind behavior.

Schools of Thought

  • Behaviorism: Focuses on observable behavior, ignoring consciousness. A stimulus-response theory. John B. Watson was a key figure, challenging previous perspectives on consciousness and focusing entirely on observable behavior.
  • Psychodynamic Perspective: Emphasizes the unconscious mind and how childhood experiences influence adult behavior. (Less on sex, more on self, social, and interpersonal).
  • Humanistic Perspective: "Third force" in psychology, emphasizing human potential, free will, and self-actualization. Key figures: Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
  • Cognitive Perspective: Focuses on how people process, store, and retrieve information. Influenced by Gestalt psychologists (Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler) and the 1960s invention of computers.

Professions in Psychology

  • Psychologists: Doctorate degrees, conduct research and provide therapy (human or animal subjects).
  • Psychiatrists: Medical degrees, can diagnose and prescribe medication for mental disorders.
  • Psychiatric Social Workers: Training in social work, focus on environmental factors impacting mental health (e.g., poverty, stress, substance abuse).

Research Approaches

  • Basic Research: Knowledge-driven research, purely for understanding.
  • Applied Research: Solving real-world problems.
  • Scientific Method Steps:
    • Perceiving the question
    • Forming a hypothesis
    • Testing the hypothesis
    • Drawing conclusions
    • Reporting the results

Research Methodology: Naturalistic Observation

  • Case Study: In-depth investigation of a single individual, group, or event.

Ethical Guidelines for Psychological Research

  • Participant well-being comes first.
  • Informed consent and the right to withdraw.
  • Justification for deception (and debriefing).
  • Protection from physical or emotional harm.
  • Debriefing.
  • Confidentiality.
  • Responsibility for resolving any problematic situations.

Critical Thinking

  • Critical thinking involves analyzing information and considering alternative viewpoints.
  • Asking questions is the starting point of critical thinking.
  • Gathering details and information to deconstruct and find solutions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Explore fundamental concepts and early pioneers in psychology. This quiz covers the goals of psychology and contributions from key figures like Wundt, James, and Freud. Test your understanding of behavior and mental processes.

More Like This

Introduction to Psychology
55 questions

Introduction to Psychology

WondrousManticore avatar
WondrousManticore
Introduction to Psychology
25 questions

Introduction to Psychology

DiplomaticAutomatism avatar
DiplomaticAutomatism
Psychology Overview: Behavior & Mental Processes
40 questions

Psychology Overview: Behavior & Mental Processes

TrustedEuphemism avatar
TrustedEuphemism
Introduction to Psychology
20 questions

Introduction to Psychology

ConsummateSerpentine3988 avatar
ConsummateSerpentine3988
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser