Psychology Test Validity Criteria

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of epidemiological methods?

  • Quantifying the number of hospitals
  • Providing marketing guidance for companies
  • Identifying the factors that cause health problems (correct)
  • Analyzing the stock market trends

What does a cross-sectional design in epidemiology involve?

  • Manipulating variables to test their impact on outcomes
  • Studying individuals with a common feature over time
  • Analyzing data from only one point in time
  • Comparing groups using pre-existing data for exposure and outcome (correct)

Which study design in epidemiology involves comparing groups using pre-existing data for both exposure and outcome?

  • Descriptive epidemiology
  • Cohort studies
  • Ecological design (correct)
  • Analytical designs

What is the main difference between cohort studies and case control studies?

<p>Cohort studies follow individuals over time; case control studies compare participants with and without a disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Likert scale measure?

<p>Degree of agreement or disagreement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error in rating scales involves overly generous ratings?

<p>Central tendency errors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cronbach's alpha assess?

<p>Reliability of questionnaire items/scales (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Observer expectation error' occurs when ratings are influenced by what factor?

<p>Personal bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'intraclass correlation' aim to compare?

<p>Two values for the same variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes inductive reasoning from deductive reasoning?

<p>Inductive reasoning guarantees the conclusion, while deductive reasoning makes the conclusion probable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes unscientific problem-solving according to the text?

<p>Intuition-based clinging to beliefs despite lack of evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of validity focuses on the generalizability of research findings?

<p>External validity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are research studies categorized according to the text?

<p>Basic/Fundamental vs. Applied (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes between laboratory and field tests in research classification?

<p>The context where the experiments are conducted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In basic research, what is the primary goal?

<p>Discover new or fundamental knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is more likely to be conducted in a highly controlled laboratory setting?

<p>Basic research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of experimental research?

<p>Unnatural environment leading to limited generalizability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes non-experimental research from experimental research?

<p>Absence of manipulation of variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is laboratory-based research typically conducted?

<p>Controlled environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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