Psychology Test Validity Criteria
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of epidemiological methods?

  • Quantifying the number of hospitals
  • Providing marketing guidance for companies
  • Identifying the factors that cause health problems (correct)
  • Analyzing the stock market trends

    • What does a cross-sectional design in epidemiology involve?

  • Manipulating variables to test their impact on outcomes
  • Studying individuals with a common feature over time
  • Analyzing data from only one point in time
  • Comparing groups using pre-existing data for exposure and outcome (correct)

    • Which study design in epidemiology involves comparing groups using pre-existing data for both exposure and outcome?

  • Descriptive epidemiology
  • Cohort studies
  • Ecological design (correct)
  • Analytical designs

    • What is the main difference between cohort studies and case control studies?

    <p>Cohort studies follow individuals over time; case control studies compare participants with and without a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Likert scale measure?

    <p>Degree of agreement or disagreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error in rating scales involves overly generous ratings?

    <p>Central tendency errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cronbach's alpha assess?

    <p>Reliability of questionnaire items/scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Observer expectation error' occurs when ratings are influenced by what factor?

    <p>Personal bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'intraclass correlation' aim to compare?

    <p>Two values for the same variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes inductive reasoning from deductive reasoning?

    <p>Inductive reasoning guarantees the conclusion, while deductive reasoning makes the conclusion probable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes unscientific problem-solving according to the text?

    <p>Intuition-based clinging to beliefs despite lack of evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of validity focuses on the generalizability of research findings?

    <p>External validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are research studies categorized according to the text?

    <p>Basic/Fundamental vs. Applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes between laboratory and field tests in research classification?

    <p>The context where the experiments are conducted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In basic research, what is the primary goal?

    <p>Discover new or fundamental knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research is more likely to be conducted in a highly controlled laboratory setting?

    <p>Basic research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation of experimental research?

    <p>Unnatural environment leading to limited generalizability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes non-experimental research from experimental research?

    <p>Absence of manipulation of variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is laboratory-based research typically conducted?

    <p>Controlled environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

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