Questions and Answers
What movement was considered to be the first school of psychology as a science, independent of philosophy?
Who is the development of structuralism usually attributed to?
Wilhelm Wundt
Who is the development of structuralism more strongly and directly influenced by than Wilhelm Wundt?
Edward Bradford Titchener
How did structuralism define psychology?
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Who defined psychology as the study of mental experience and sought to investigate the structure of such experience through a systematic program of experiments based on trained introspection?
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Who wanted to understand how we perceive things subjectively?
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Structuralists wanted to understand how we perceive things objectively or subjectively.
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What was structuralism inspired by?
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What aspect of the human body was heavily studied by structuralists?
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What aspects of the structure of the human mind did structuralists study? Provide examples.
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'What is the hydrogen of the mind', 'What is the basic unit (ex: neurons)' are examples of what?
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How did structuralists approach research?
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Provide examples of rigid approaches in structuralist psychological research.
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Who started doing experiments for structuralists?
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Describe functionalism.
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Where was the functionalist approach developed? By whom?
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When was the functionalism approach developed? Why was it developed?
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Whose theory was functionalism inspired by?
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Who was an important founding figure in functionalism?
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Name 3 key aspects of functionalism.
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Was Titchener a structuralist or a functionalist?
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Where did Titchener study? Who was he a student of?
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Who had a narrower view of experimental psychology? Titchener or Wundt?
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Where is the famous lab that Titchener founded?
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Was Cornell a women's university or coed?
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Did Titchener believe it was important to understand the structure of the human mind or its functions first?
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Were structuralists interested in universal differences or universal laws that were applicable to everyone?
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How did structuralists view the structure of the human mind?
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Study Notes
Structuralism
- Considered the first school of psychology as a science, independent of philosophy.
- Development mainly attributed to Wilhelm Wundt, with significant influence from Edward Bradford Titchener.
- Defined psychology as the study of mental experience, focusing on the structure through trained introspection.
- Structuralists aimed to understand subjective perception.
- Heavily inspired by pure and applied sciences such as physics and chemistry.
- Focused on the structure of the human mind, investigating fundamental elements like neurons.
- Approached research with a basic and rigid methodology, emphasizing controlled experiments.
- Notable figures include Wilhelm Wundt and Titchener, who initiated experiments for structuralist research.
- Structuralists sought universal laws applicable to all individuals, viewing the mind as an additive sum of experiences.
Functionalism
- A psychological approach that views mental life and behavior as adaptations to environmental challenges and opportunities.
- Developed at the University of Chicago by psychologists John Dewey, James R. Angell, and Harvey A. Carr.
- Emerged in the early 20th century as a reaction against the atomistic viewpoint of structuralism.
- Inspired by Darwin's theory of evolution, focusing on the adaptive utility of the mind.
- Important founding figures include William James and Stanley Hall.
- Key aspects include the function of the mind, searching for adaptive utility, and a flexible approach to applied research.
- Characterized by its emphasis on mental activities rather than just the study of mental content, contrasting with structuralism's focus.
Edward Bradford Titchener
- A key structuralist who studied at Oxford University under Wilhelm Wundt.
- Known for having a narrower view of experimental psychology, emphasizing "hardwired" research.
- Founded a famous lab at Cornell University, which was coeducational.
- Believed in understanding the structure of the human mind before addressing its functions.
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Description
Explore the foundational theories of psychology, focusing on Structuralism and Functionalism. This quiz covers the major figures, methodologies, and principles that defined these schools of thought, including contributions from Wundt and Titchener. Test your knowledge on how these approaches shape our understanding of mental processes and behavior.
