Psychology Quiz: Structuralism and Functionalism

<p>William James (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual acts according to a forecasted outcome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistical predictions are based on data, whereas naive predictions rely on subjective intuition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychoanalysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introspection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innovation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is influenced by social interactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating commercial audiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is an enormous cultural variety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is connected to cultural world meanings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fact-checking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It supports strategic policies without consumer awareness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a psychic 'unit' in human experience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans act toward people and things based on the meanings assigned to them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a process of social interaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language helps negotiate meanings through symbols. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thought modifies how individuals interpret symbols through mental dialogue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meanings can evolve through re-evaluation and context. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-reflection allows individuals to construct and reconstruct their experiences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the perspective of others through role-taking. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the interactions and reflections they have about their situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symbols allow for the representation of complex ideas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The individual's perception of the situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge is constructed through social interactions and relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cognitive revolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schema theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to account for historical context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socialization involves learning from various systems in one's environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory is influenced by social and cultural contexts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It dominated psychological thought due to its focus on observable behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preoperational Stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge is constantly adapted and redefined within cultural contexts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both personal perception and environmental factors are important (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of relationships in knowledge creation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encourages a reevaluation of professional practices in everyday contexts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hidden influence of social norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-actualization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration on personal growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maslow and Rogers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiences are understood as unified wholes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between stimulus and perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holistic perception of experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first school of psychology that aimed to break down mental processes into their most basic components.

A school of thought that focuses on the function and purpose of mental processes, not just their structure.

A type of bias where we see what we expect to see, ignoring evidence to the contrary.

Explanations after the fact, often leading to overconfidence in our understanding.

Bias where we change our behavior to please someone or appear in a favorable light.

When we seek and remember information that confirms our existing beliefs.

Expecting someone to act in a certain way, leading them to actually do so.

Predictions based on intuition or past experience, often less reliable.

Human beings act based on the meaning they give to things, people, or situations.

Meaning is created through communication and interaction with others. We negotiate shared understanding through symbols and language.

Individuals interpret symbols and meanings through a process of thought and internal reflection. This involves imagining different perspectives and engaging in mental dialogue.

Humans perceive their social realities as they interact with others and interpret their experiences. These realities can be created, changed, and shaped by individual actions and interpretations.

The social world emerges from the interaction, self-reflection, and meaning-making process. Individuals shape their perceptions by reflecting on their experiences and interactions.

People constantly create new interpretations of their social reality through active engagement and interaction in social situations. They strive to make sense of and understand the world around them.

Creativity is an inherent part of human interaction and social reality construction.

Individuals and communities jointly create their shared realities through continuous processes of interaction, self-reflection, and meaning-making.

The idea that how we perceive and interact with others shapes our own sense of self, and influences how we behave in social situations.

The belief that society is a product of the ongoing interactions between individuals.

The process of interpreting meaning in the context of social and cultural norms, particularly influenced by mass media.

A framework that outlines how mass media shapes cultural meaning through various processes - representing ideas, identifying groups, producing and distributing content, consuming information, and regulating its flow.

The manipulation of information by mass media to create specific audiences and consumer behavior, aligning with capitalist and state agendas.

The fundamental idea that human experience is unique, shaped by individual interpretations and meanings.

The recognition that human experiences are diverse and influenced by a wide range of cultural backgrounds and values.

The capacity of human beings to create and interpret meaning, going beyond simple conditioning or trial-and-error learning.

The idea that people are not born with innate knowledge, but rather actively construct their understanding through social interaction. It emphasizes the influence of social experiences and cultural contexts on learning.

The process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, behaviors, and norms of their society, family, and broader culture. It shapes our understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

The argument that the use of symbols, language, and complex communication systems sets humans apart from other organisms. It underscores the power of symbolic thinking in human cognition and culture.

A perspective that emphasizes the importance of relationships and interactions in shaping human experience. It suggests that individuals are influenced by the presence and expectations of others in their environment.

A criticism of traditional scientific methods in psychology, arguing for a more contextual approach that considers the social and cultural context surrounding research. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the lived experiences of individuals.

The ability for groups to create shared understandings, values, and artifacts. These shared meanings are constantly evolving in social interaction. When one immerses oneself in a culture, one learns how to be a part of it.

A perspective in psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and their relationship to external stimuli. It suggests that learning occurs through reinforcement and conditioning.

A school of thought that emerged as a reaction to behaviorism, highlighting the role of internal mental processes in learning, such as memory, attention, and thinking. It emphasizes the importance of understanding cognitive structures and processes.

A concept that suggests the unconscious mind is influenced by social norms and cultural elements, such as myths, symbols, and archetypes.

This school of thought focuses on how individuals strive to achieve their full potential, emphasizing personal growth and free will.

A key figure in Humanistic Psychology, Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs that suggests we are motivated to fulfill basic needs before pursuing higher ones.

A school of thought that emphasizes the importance of understanding experience as a whole, rather than breaking it down into smaller parts.

The Gestalt principle that suggests a connection between a stimulus and the resulting brain state.

Gestalt psychology focuses on understanding immediate, subjective experience as it occurs in the whole organism.

Gestalt psychology views the brain as constantly seeking organization and meaning in sensory input, often resulting in meaningful perceptions from incomplete information.

Gestalt psychology's founders, Wertheimer, Köhler, and Koffka, conducted groundbreaking research into perception and its relationship to consciousness.

A school of psychology that focuses on mental processes like thinking, perceiving, remembering, and learning.

A principle of Gestalt psychology that suggests we tend to group objects together that are close to each other in space.

A principle of Gestalt psychology that suggests we tend to group objects together that share similar characteristics, such as shape, color, or size.

A principle of Gestalt psychology that suggests we tend to perceive objects as complete or whole, even if some parts are missing.

A key Gestalt principle that highlights the importance of context, suggesting that our perception of an object is influenced by its surrounding environment and our existing knowledge.

A structured representation of knowledge in our memory, shaped by our culture and experiences.

A theory that suggests individuals' mental processes and perceptions play a significant role in shaping their behavior, rather than external factors.