Psychology - Stages of Development

Study Notes

Stage 1 - Trust vs. Mistrust

Trust is built through consistent care and security during infancy.
Mistrust arises from neglect and inconsistent responses from caregivers.

Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Autonomy develops when children are allowed to make choices and take responsibility.
Shame and doubt emerge when children are discouraged or punished for their attempts at independence.

Stage 3 - Initiative vs. Guilt

Initiating activities and mastering new skills is essential during early childhood.
Encouragement fosters a sense of initiative, while criticism can lead to feelings of guilt.

Stage 4 - Industry vs. Inferiority

A sense of industry stems from recognition and success in tasks, whether academic or extracurricular.
Feelings of inferiority can develop due to excessive criticism or lack of acknowledgment for efforts.

Stage 5 - Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Adolescents engage in exploration to form a coherent self-concept.
Identity confusion occurs when they struggle to create a stable identity.

Stage 6 - Intimacy vs. Isolation

Young adulthood centers around forming intimate relationships and partnerships.
Successful navigation of this stage leads to strong interpersonal connections.

Stage 7 - Generativity vs. Stagnation

Generativity involves contributing to society and mentoring the next generation.
Stagnation reflects a focus on self-absorption and lack of personal growth or contribution.

Stage 8 - Integrity vs. Despair

Reflection on life prompts a review of past achievements and struggles.
Achieving integrity entails acceptance of one’s life, while despair can result from regrets or unresolved issues.

Description

This quiz covers Erik Erikson's stages of psychological development, emphasizing key conflicts such as trust vs. mistrust and identity vs. identity confusion. Explore how each stage influences personality and behavior from infancy through adolescence. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in human development.