Psychology: Seven Sins of Memory
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Questions and Answers

What are the seven sins of memory?

The seven sins of memory include transience, blocking, absentmindedness, persistence, misattribution, bias, and suggestibility.

What is transience, blocking, and absentmindedness?

Transience is memory decay over time, blocking is retrieval failure, and absentmindedness is inattentive encoding.

What is the difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia?

Retrograde amnesia involves loss of past memories, while anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories.

What are the methods to reduce persistence?

<p>Methods include using the drug propranolol, extinction during reconsolidation, and potential use of HDAC inhibitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of transience/memory decay?

<p>Forgetting the plot of a movie.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is blocking/retrieval failure?

<p>It refers to the inability to remember needed information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is absentmindedness/encoding failure?

<p>It is reduced memory due to failing to pay attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is persistence?

<p>The resurgence of unwanted or disturbing memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is misattribution?

<p>It involves assigning a memory to the wrong source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bias in memory?

<p>It is the influence of current knowledge on memory for past events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggestibility?

<p>It is altering a memory due to misleading information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is proactive interference?

<p>Interference that occurs when prior information inhibits the ability to remember new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is retroactive interference?

<p>Interference that occurs when new information inhibits the ability to remember old information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can reconsolidation and increasing gene expression through the use of HDAC inhibitors help reduce?

<p>Transience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is memory bias?

<p>It is the changing of memories over time to align with current beliefs or attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are flashbulb memories?

<p>They are vivid episodic memories for surprising or emotionally significant events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is source misattribution?

<p>It refers to memory distortions about the circumstances of a memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of source misattribution?

<p>The false fame effect and the sleeper effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is source amnesia?

<p>A form of misattribution where the source of a known memory is forgotten.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is childhood amnesia?

<p>The absence of early episodic memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cryptomnesia?

<p>It's when someone believes they have a new idea but instead recall an old idea without attribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggestibility?

<p>The development of biased memories from misleading information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that contribute to errors in eyewitness testimony?

<p>Confirmation bias, police interview methods, and difficulty distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate witnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are people susceptible to false memories?

<p>Imagining events can cause confusion between real and imagined memories, especially in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the contemporary views on repressed memories?

<p>Some claim repressed memories can resurface, but researchers argue little evidence supports that recovered memories are accurate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory distortion is illustrated by buying subliminal messaging products after initially dismissing them?

<p>False fame effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

False memories are easily implanted even for events that are unlikely to happen.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is eyewitness testimony so inaccurate?

<p>Because of false memory, which can lead to unreliable witnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seven Sins of Memory

  • Transience, blocking, absentmindedness, and persistence are sins related to forgetting and remembering.
  • Misattribution, bias, and suggestibility are sins that represent distortions of memory.

Definitions of Memory Failures

  • Transience: Memory decay over time; forgetting the plot of a movie is an example.
  • Blocking: Inability to retrieve information temporarily; an example is forgetting someone's name.
  • Absentmindedness: Shallow encoding due to lack of attention; forgetting keys or appointments are common examples.

Amnesia Types

  • Retrograde Amnesia: Loss of past memories and events.
  • Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to store new memories.

Persistence in Memory

  • Persistence involves unwanted memories resurfacing; a prominent example is PTSD.
  • Emotional events are linked to amygdala activity, affecting memory persistence.

Memory Interference Concepts

  • Proactive Interference: Old information hinders the recall of new information.
  • Retroactive Interference: New information interferes with the recall of old information.

Reducing Persistence

  • Propranolol, an HDAC inhibitor, and extinction during reconsolidation can help reduce persistence of traumatic memories.

Memory Distortions

  • Misattribution: Incorrectly assigning a memory to the wrong source.
  • Bias: Current knowledge influences the memory of past events, leading to alterations.
  • Suggestibility: Memories can be influenced by misleading information.

Eyewitness Testimony

  • Errors can stem from confirmation bias, police interview techniques, and difficulties in distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate witnesses.

Memory Formation and False Memories

  • Imagining events can lead to confusion between imagined and real memories.
  • Children are particularly susceptible to false memories, especially for unusual events.
  • Repressed memories are controversial; some believe they resurface in therapy while others argue they may be fabricated.

Additional Memory Concepts

  • Source Amnesia: Remembering an event but forgetting its source.
  • Cryptomnesia: Recalling an old idea but believing it's new.
  • Flashbulb Memories: Vivid memories tied to surprising or important events.

Contemporary Understanding of Memory

  • The accuracy of recovered memories during therapy is debated, with concerns that false memories can be implanted by therapists.
  • Factors contributing to eyewitness inaccuracies include confirmation bias and flawed investigative techniques.

Memory Distortion Examples

  • False Fame Effect: Believing a familiar name indicates fame due to prior exposure.
  • False memories can sometimes be hard to implant for highly unusual events.

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Description

Explore the seven sins of memory, including transience and blocking, to understand how forgetting and remembering work. Learn about different types of amnesia and the effects of emotional events on memory persistence. This quiz will challenge your knowledge on memory failures and interference concepts.

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