Psychology: Sensation and Perception
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of converting energy of a stimulus into neural activity called?

  • Transduction (correct)
  • Perception
  • Reaction
  • Sensation

    • What is the function of the dorsal stream in visual perception?

  • Object recognition and identification
  • Formation of visual memories
  • Color perception and differentiation
  • Detection and analysis of movements (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a psychological characteristic of sound?

  • Intensity
  • Frequency
  • Complexity
  • Acoustic reflection (correct)

    • What defines the absolute threshold in sensory perception?

    <p>The minimum amount of stimulus capable of producing a sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is astereognosis?

    <p>Failure to identify objects through touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the awareness of the position and movement of body parts?

    <p>Kinaesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for tactile perception?

    <p>Primary somatosensory cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does prosopagnosia affect?

    <p>Identification of faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which loss of external sense is referred to as 'anopsia'?

    <p>Blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ventral stream in visual perception primarily focus on?

    <p>Object recognition and form representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is primarily responsible for vision?

    <p>Rods and cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stimulus is detected by taste buds?

    <p>Chemicals in liquid form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is associated with processing auditory information?

    <p>Primary auditory area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors are activated by cold temperatures?

    <p>Krause's corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sensory modality corresponds with the use of olfactory receptors?

    <p>Smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT involved in the sense of touch?

    <p>Rods and cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the primary gustatory area in the brain process?

    <p>Taste sensations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensory neuron is used for transmitting touch information?

    <p>Peripheral sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when our eyes follow a moving object, leading to a stationary image on the retina?

    <p>Perception of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the phenomenon where two different light sources flashed rapidly appear to be one moving light source?

    <p>Stroboscopic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is subliminal perception based on?

    <p>Sensations below the absolute threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is aimed at influencing people without their conscious awareness?

    <p>Subliminal messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is backmasking in audio recordings?

    <p>A backward playback of original recordings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is clairvoyance the ability to do?

    <p>See events occurring far away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ability allows a person to perceive future events without deduction from known facts?

    <p>Precognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does telepathy involve?

    <p>Receiving and transmitting thoughts supernaturally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon describes perceiving a stimulus that is not present?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of imagery is embedded into another image, often unnoticed by the observer?

    <p>Static embeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Homunculus' refer to in the context of the somatosensory cortex?

    <p>A distorted body map indicating sensation areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is crucial for blocking pain receptors according to the content?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect significantly influences subjective reality?

    <p>Personal beliefs and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon describes the perception of a moving light from alternating flashing lights?

    <p>Phi phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gestalt psychology, what does the Law of Pragnanz suggest?

    <p>The simplest interpretation of images is preferred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of figure and ground perception, what do 'figure' and 'ground' refer to?

    <p>The blurred background versus the main focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of similarity suggest about how objects in an environment are perceived?

    <p>Objects are grouped based on perceived similarities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the relationship between the olfactory cortex and memory centers like the hippocampus?

    <p>They are closely connected and influence memory retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'perceptual organization' refer to in Gestalt psychology?

    <p>The grouping of smaller objects to form larger wholes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is perception described as 'not constant'?

    <p>It is dynamic and influenced by various factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle explains the tendency to group visual elements that are located close to one another?

    <p>Proximity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perceptual constancy refers to the perception of an object's size as constant despite changes in distance?

    <p>Size Constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which monocular cue involves interpreting the position of objects to determine their distance based on their relative height in a visual field?

    <p>Relative Height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes our ability to see a familiar object's color as stable, despite varying light conditions?

    <p>Color Constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon refers to our perception of objects moving together in the same direction and speed as a single unit?

    <p>Common Fate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In binocular cues, what does 'disparity' refer to?

    <p>The merging of images from both eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle that suggests we perceive an object as having the same shape even when its angle of view changes?

    <p>Shape Constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is relative size used as a cue in depth perception?

    <p>Smaller objects are interpreted as far away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cue involves interpreting the overlapping of objects to judge their relative distances?

    <p>Superimposition/Interposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual perception phenomenon describes our tendency to see an incomplete shape as a whole?

    <p>Closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which monocular cue indicates depth by observing diminished clarity in distance objects?

    <p>Aerial Perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cue describes our perception when parallel lines appear to converge in the distance?

    <p>Linear Perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perceptual cue refers to the difference in viewed images between the two eyes?

    <p>Disparity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept suggests our tendency to group elements based on familiar patterns?

    <p>Meaningfulness or Familiarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sensation

    • Stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of sensory information to the CNS (brain).
    • Examples: Hearing a mother's voice, realizing what you heard.

    Perception

    • Selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information to recognize objects and events.
    • Examples: Realizing the meaning of a sound, understanding the sound means it's time to eat.

    Transduction

    • Sensory systems converting external stimuli into neural signals (action potentials).
    • Our bodies have thousands of sensory receptors.
    • Conversion of stimulus energy into neural activity.

    Sixth Sense (Kinaesthesia)

    • Part of tactile sensation.
    • Awareness of body parts' position and movement.
    • Receptors in joints, muscles, and tendons (proprioceptors).

    Psychological Characteristics of Sound

    • Frequency: Rate of vibrations, determines pitch.
    • Intensity: Density of vibrating air, measured in decibels (dB). Loudness.
    • Complexity: Timbre, the tonal quality.

    Loss of External Senses

    • Anopsia (blindness)
    • Anacousia (deafness)
    • Anosmia (loss of smell)
    • Ageusia (loss of taste)
    • Analgesia (failure to feel pain)
    • Astereognosis (failure to identify objects through touch)

    Perception (Visual)

    • Stimulation of visual receptors.
    • Electrochemical signals are selected, organized, and interpreted by the brain.
    • The result of the brain's analysis of sensations.

    Visual Perception: Two Streams

    • Dorsal stream ("where"): Spatial awareness, detailed map of the visual field, movement analysis.
    • Ventral stream ("what"): Object recognition, form representation.

    Prosopagnosia

    • Difficulty recognizing faces.
    • Can see faces but struggle to identify them.

    Tactile Perception

    • Primary Somatosensory Cortex: Located behind the central sulcus. Activated by touch.
    • Neurons activated when skin is touched.
    • Map of the human somatosensory cortex (homunculus): Distorted body map.

    Smell Triggers Memory

    • Olfactory cortex is closely tied to memory centers (hippocampus and amygdala).

    Gestalt Laws of Organization

    • Tendency to perceive patterns as whole, simple shapes.
    • Examples: Phi phenomenon (alternating lights appearing as one moving light), figures and ground.

    Figure and Ground:

    • Distinguishing images from their backgrounds.

    Similarity, Closure, Proximity:

    • Combining visual elements based on shared characteristics or proximity.

    Common Region, Good Continuation, Common Fate:

    • Grouping things based on shared qualities (location, direction)

    Meaningfulness/Familiarity:

    • Grouping familiar patterns/objects.

    Perceptual Constancies

    • Size constancy: Objects appear same size despite distance.
    • Shape constancy: Objects appear same shape despite viewing angle.

    Depth Perception

    • Monocular Cues: Depth cues from one eye.
    • Binocular Cues: Depth cues from two eyes.

    Relative Size, Superimposition, Relative Height, Linear Perspective, Motion Parallax, Aerial Perspective, Texture Gradient:

    • Various cues influencing depth perception.

    Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

    • Clairvoyance: Perceiving distant events.
    • Precognition: Perceiving future events.
    • Telepathy: Perceiving another's thoughts.
    • Telekinesis: Moving objects by thought.
    • Kinds of Errors: Hallucinations (perceiving something that isn't present), Illusions (misinterpreting a real stimulus).

    Paradox Illusions, Distorting Illusions, In Fiction Illusions

    • Visual illusions showing impossible or distorted objects/situations.
    • Examples: Impossible figures, Distorted shapes.

    Subliminal Perception

    • Perception below the absolute threshold.
    • Messages that aren't consciously perceived but might influence. (such as subliminal messages in movies).

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    Sensation and Perception PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of sensation and perception with this quiz. Delve into how we receive and interpret sensory information, and understand the physiological processes behind our senses. Test your knowledge on key terms like transduction and characteristics of sound.

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