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Questions and Answers
What is the process of converting energy of a stimulus into neural activity called?
What is the process of converting energy of a stimulus into neural activity called?
What is the function of the dorsal stream in visual perception?
What is the function of the dorsal stream in visual perception?
Which of the following is NOT a psychological characteristic of sound?
Which of the following is NOT a psychological characteristic of sound?
What defines the absolute threshold in sensory perception?
What defines the absolute threshold in sensory perception?
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What is astereognosis?
What is astereognosis?
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Which term describes the awareness of the position and movement of body parts?
Which term describes the awareness of the position and movement of body parts?
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Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for tactile perception?
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for tactile perception?
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What does prosopagnosia affect?
What does prosopagnosia affect?
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Which loss of external sense is referred to as 'anopsia'?
Which loss of external sense is referred to as 'anopsia'?
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What does the ventral stream in visual perception primarily focus on?
What does the ventral stream in visual perception primarily focus on?
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Which receptor is primarily responsible for vision?
Which receptor is primarily responsible for vision?
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What type of stimulus is detected by taste buds?
What type of stimulus is detected by taste buds?
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Which part of the brain is associated with processing auditory information?
Which part of the brain is associated with processing auditory information?
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What type of receptors are activated by cold temperatures?
What type of receptors are activated by cold temperatures?
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Which sensory modality corresponds with the use of olfactory receptors?
Which sensory modality corresponds with the use of olfactory receptors?
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Which structure is NOT involved in the sense of touch?
Which structure is NOT involved in the sense of touch?
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What does the primary gustatory area in the brain process?
What does the primary gustatory area in the brain process?
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Which type of sensory neuron is used for transmitting touch information?
Which type of sensory neuron is used for transmitting touch information?
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What occurs when our eyes follow a moving object, leading to a stationary image on the retina?
What occurs when our eyes follow a moving object, leading to a stationary image on the retina?
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Which of the following describes the phenomenon where two different light sources flashed rapidly appear to be one moving light source?
Which of the following describes the phenomenon where two different light sources flashed rapidly appear to be one moving light source?
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What is subliminal perception based on?
What is subliminal perception based on?
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Which of the following is aimed at influencing people without their conscious awareness?
Which of the following is aimed at influencing people without their conscious awareness?
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What is backmasking in audio recordings?
What is backmasking in audio recordings?
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What is clairvoyance the ability to do?
What is clairvoyance the ability to do?
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Which ability allows a person to perceive future events without deduction from known facts?
Which ability allows a person to perceive future events without deduction from known facts?
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What does telepathy involve?
What does telepathy involve?
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Which phenomenon describes perceiving a stimulus that is not present?
Which phenomenon describes perceiving a stimulus that is not present?
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What kind of imagery is embedded into another image, often unnoticed by the observer?
What kind of imagery is embedded into another image, often unnoticed by the observer?
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What does the term 'Homunculus' refer to in the context of the somatosensory cortex?
What does the term 'Homunculus' refer to in the context of the somatosensory cortex?
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Which part of the brain is crucial for blocking pain receptors according to the content?
Which part of the brain is crucial for blocking pain receptors according to the content?
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What aspect significantly influences subjective reality?
What aspect significantly influences subjective reality?
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Which phenomenon describes the perception of a moving light from alternating flashing lights?
Which phenomenon describes the perception of a moving light from alternating flashing lights?
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According to Gestalt psychology, what does the Law of Pragnanz suggest?
According to Gestalt psychology, what does the Law of Pragnanz suggest?
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In terms of figure and ground perception, what do 'figure' and 'ground' refer to?
In terms of figure and ground perception, what do 'figure' and 'ground' refer to?
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What does the principle of similarity suggest about how objects in an environment are perceived?
What does the principle of similarity suggest about how objects in an environment are perceived?
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What best describes the relationship between the olfactory cortex and memory centers like the hippocampus?
What best describes the relationship between the olfactory cortex and memory centers like the hippocampus?
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What does the term 'perceptual organization' refer to in Gestalt psychology?
What does the term 'perceptual organization' refer to in Gestalt psychology?
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Why is perception described as 'not constant'?
Why is perception described as 'not constant'?
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What principle explains the tendency to group visual elements that are located close to one another?
What principle explains the tendency to group visual elements that are located close to one another?
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Which perceptual constancy refers to the perception of an object's size as constant despite changes in distance?
Which perceptual constancy refers to the perception of an object's size as constant despite changes in distance?
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Which monocular cue involves interpreting the position of objects to determine their distance based on their relative height in a visual field?
Which monocular cue involves interpreting the position of objects to determine their distance based on their relative height in a visual field?
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What term describes our ability to see a familiar object's color as stable, despite varying light conditions?
What term describes our ability to see a familiar object's color as stable, despite varying light conditions?
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Which phenomenon refers to our perception of objects moving together in the same direction and speed as a single unit?
Which phenomenon refers to our perception of objects moving together in the same direction and speed as a single unit?
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In binocular cues, what does 'disparity' refer to?
In binocular cues, what does 'disparity' refer to?
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What is the principle that suggests we perceive an object as having the same shape even when its angle of view changes?
What is the principle that suggests we perceive an object as having the same shape even when its angle of view changes?
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How is relative size used as a cue in depth perception?
How is relative size used as a cue in depth perception?
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Which cue involves interpreting the overlapping of objects to judge their relative distances?
Which cue involves interpreting the overlapping of objects to judge their relative distances?
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What visual perception phenomenon describes our tendency to see an incomplete shape as a whole?
What visual perception phenomenon describes our tendency to see an incomplete shape as a whole?
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Which monocular cue indicates depth by observing diminished clarity in distance objects?
Which monocular cue indicates depth by observing diminished clarity in distance objects?
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What cue describes our perception when parallel lines appear to converge in the distance?
What cue describes our perception when parallel lines appear to converge in the distance?
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What perceptual cue refers to the difference in viewed images between the two eyes?
What perceptual cue refers to the difference in viewed images between the two eyes?
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Which concept suggests our tendency to group elements based on familiar patterns?
Which concept suggests our tendency to group elements based on familiar patterns?
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Study Notes
Sensation
- Stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of sensory information to the CNS (brain).
- Examples: Hearing a mother's voice, realizing what you heard.
Perception
- Selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information to recognize objects and events.
- Examples: Realizing the meaning of a sound, understanding the sound means it's time to eat.
Transduction
- Sensory systems converting external stimuli into neural signals (action potentials).
- Our bodies have thousands of sensory receptors.
- Conversion of stimulus energy into neural activity.
Sixth Sense (Kinaesthesia)
- Part of tactile sensation.
- Awareness of body parts' position and movement.
- Receptors in joints, muscles, and tendons (proprioceptors).
Psychological Characteristics of Sound
- Frequency: Rate of vibrations, determines pitch.
- Intensity: Density of vibrating air, measured in decibels (dB). Loudness.
- Complexity: Timbre, the tonal quality.
Loss of External Senses
- Anopsia (blindness)
- Anacousia (deafness)
- Anosmia (loss of smell)
- Ageusia (loss of taste)
- Analgesia (failure to feel pain)
- Astereognosis (failure to identify objects through touch)
Perception (Visual)
- Stimulation of visual receptors.
- Electrochemical signals are selected, organized, and interpreted by the brain.
- The result of the brain's analysis of sensations.
Visual Perception: Two Streams
- Dorsal stream ("where"): Spatial awareness, detailed map of the visual field, movement analysis.
- Ventral stream ("what"): Object recognition, form representation.
Prosopagnosia
- Difficulty recognizing faces.
- Can see faces but struggle to identify them.
Tactile Perception
- Primary Somatosensory Cortex: Located behind the central sulcus. Activated by touch.
- Neurons activated when skin is touched.
- Map of the human somatosensory cortex (homunculus): Distorted body map.
Smell Triggers Memory
- Olfactory cortex is closely tied to memory centers (hippocampus and amygdala).
Gestalt Laws of Organization
- Tendency to perceive patterns as whole, simple shapes.
- Examples: Phi phenomenon (alternating lights appearing as one moving light), figures and ground.
Figure and Ground:
- Distinguishing images from their backgrounds.
Similarity, Closure, Proximity:
- Combining visual elements based on shared characteristics or proximity.
Common Region, Good Continuation, Common Fate:
- Grouping things based on shared qualities (location, direction)
Meaningfulness/Familiarity:
- Grouping familiar patterns/objects.
Perceptual Constancies
- Size constancy: Objects appear same size despite distance.
- Shape constancy: Objects appear same shape despite viewing angle.
Depth Perception
- Monocular Cues: Depth cues from one eye.
- Binocular Cues: Depth cues from two eyes.
Relative Size, Superimposition, Relative Height, Linear Perspective, Motion Parallax, Aerial Perspective, Texture Gradient:
- Various cues influencing depth perception.
Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
- Clairvoyance: Perceiving distant events.
- Precognition: Perceiving future events.
- Telepathy: Perceiving another's thoughts.
- Telekinesis: Moving objects by thought.
- Kinds of Errors: Hallucinations (perceiving something that isn't present), Illusions (misinterpreting a real stimulus).
Paradox Illusions, Distorting Illusions, In Fiction Illusions
- Visual illusions showing impossible or distorted objects/situations.
- Examples: Impossible figures, Distorted shapes.
Subliminal Perception
- Perception below the absolute threshold.
- Messages that aren't consciously perceived but might influence. (such as subliminal messages in movies).
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of sensation and perception with this quiz. Delve into how we receive and interpret sensory information, and understand the physiological processes behind our senses. Test your knowledge on key terms like transduction and characteristics of sound.
