Questions and Answers
What is sampling?
What is the target population?
The entire group a researcher is interested in.
What is a sampling frame?
A list of all those within the target population who can be practically sampled.
In random sampling, every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected.
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What is an advantage of random sampling?
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What is a disadvantage of random sampling?
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What is self-selected sampling?
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What is an advantage of self-selected sampling?
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What is a disadvantage of self-selected sampling?
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What is opportunity sampling?
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What is an advantage of opportunity sampling?
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What is a disadvantage of opportunity sampling?
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What is quota sampling?
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What is an advantage of quota sampling?
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What is a disadvantage of quota sampling?
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What is stratified random sampling?
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What is an advantage of stratified random sampling?
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What is a disadvantage of stratified random sampling?
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What is systematic sampling?
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What is an advantage of systematic sampling?
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What is a disadvantage of systematic sampling?
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What is snowball sampling?
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Study Notes
Sampling Methods in Psychology
- Sampling is the process of selecting participants from a population for research purposes.
- Target population refers to the entire group that the researcher is interested in studying.
- Sampling frame is a practical list of individuals within the target population available for sampling.
Types of Sampling
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Random sampling ensures every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen, minimizing bias.
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Advantage of random sampling: Reduces researcher bias in participant selection.
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Disadvantage of random sampling: May lead to unrepresentative samples, affecting external validity if the chosen participants share similar characteristics.
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Self-selected sampling occurs when participants volunteer to take part in a study in response to advertisements.
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Advantage of self-selected sampling: It is less time-consuming and cost-effective for researchers.
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Disadvantage of self-selected sampling: Risks unrepresentative samples, as volunteers may share common traits, like being unemployed or altruistic individuals.
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Opportunity sampling involves selecting participants available at the time of the study.
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Advantage of opportunity sampling: It saves time and costs, allowing for easier research execution.
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Disadvantage of opportunity sampling: Likely to be unrepresentative if the sample is taken from a limited demographic, e.g., a single local school.
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Quota sampling involves selecting groups of participants according to their prevalence in the population, with the researcher choosing individuals from these groups.
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Advantage of quota sampling: Can lead to representative samples aligned with population frequencies.
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Disadvantage of quota sampling: Potential for researcher bias, as the experimenter controls who is chosen.
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Stratified random sampling balances representation by selecting groups based on population frequency and then choosing individuals randomly from those groups.
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Advantage of stratified random sampling: Provides a representative sample without researcher bias.
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Disadvantage of stratified random sampling: Time-intensive due to the need for categorization and random selection.
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Systematic sampling selects participants using a fixed interval (every nth person), starting with a random selection.
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Advantage of systematic sampling: Reduces bias through an objective selection process.
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Disadvantage of systematic sampling: Might yield an unrepresentative sample if the chosen interval skews demographics, e.g., selecting only one gender.
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Snowball sampling is a method where existing study participants recruit additional participants from their acquaintances.
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Advantage of snowball sampling: Useful for accessing hard-to-reach populations like drug users or the homeless.
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Disadvantage of snowball sampling: Typically results in unrepresentative samples, as recruitment is limited to the social circles of the initial participants.
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Explore key terms related to sampling methods in psychology with these flashcards. Each card provides a definition to help you understand concepts like target population, sampling frame, and random sampling. Perfect for quick review and study.