Research Methods in Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

  • Detecting an effect that does not exist (correct)
  • Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (correct)
  • Failing to notice an effect that actually exists
  • Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

    • Which distinguishes between random selection and convenience sampling?

  • Random selection involves every individual having an equal chance of being chosen. (correct)
  • Random selection is more accurate than convenience sampling.
  • Random selection offers a more biased result compared to convenience sampling.
  • Random selection does not require sampling from an identified population.

    • In a factorial design, which aspect does NOT typically describe its structure?

  • Factors refer to the independent variables in the study.
  • Each cell in a factorial design must contain identical outcomes. (correct)
  • Cells refer to the combinations of the factor levels.
  • Levels represent the different conditions for each factor.

    • Which of the following designs would be classified as a true experiment?

    <p>A research project manipulating group sizes to assess teamwork failure rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of both quasi-experiments and correlational designs?

    <p>They both may lack random assignment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a mixed or 'split-plot' design in factorial experiments refer to?

    <p>Designs that utilize both within-subjects and between-groups factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Type I and Type II Errors

    • Type I error (α): A false positive; it looks like there is an effect, but there isn't.
    • Type II error (β): A false negative; it looks like there is no effect, but there actually is.

    Sampling Methods

    • Random selection: Choosing participants randomly from a population.
    • Convenience sampling: Selecting participants based on ease of access.

    Factorial Designs

    • Factorial designs involve multiple independent variables (factors).
    • Within-subjects design: Participants are measured under all levels of all factors.
    • Between-groups design: Different groups of participants are measured for each factor level.
    • Mixed (split-plot) design: A combination of within- and between-subjects designs.
    • Analyze for effects of individual factors and interactions between factors.
    • Analyze how many independent variables, how many levels within each independent variable, and the total number of data points.

    Research Designs

    • True experiments: Manipulate an independent variable and measure the effect on a dependent variable, ideally using random assignment.
    • Quasi-experiments: Similar to true experiments but without random assignment.
    • Correlational studies: Explore relationships between variables without manipulating any variable.
    • Observational studies: Observe and record data without manipulating any variable.

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    Study Guide: Research Methods PDF

    Description

    Explore key concepts in research methods, including Type I and Type II errors, various sampling methods, and factorial designs. This quiz will test your understanding of how different research designs impact data analysis and interpretation.

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