Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the best example of a secondary reinforcer?
Which of the following is the best example of a secondary reinforcer?
- A good meal when you are hungry
- A gold star when you do good work (correct)
- A cool drink when you are thirsty
- A coat when you are shivering
When David comes home several hours after his curfew and is not permitted to drive his Dad's car for a month, this illustrates which of the following?
When David comes home several hours after his curfew and is not permitted to drive his Dad's car for a month, this illustrates which of the following?
- Negative reinforcement
- Negative punishment (correct)
- Positive punishment
- Positive reinforcement
When Carla shows her mother an excellent report card and does not have to do the dishes for a week, this best illustrates which of the following?
When Carla shows her mother an excellent report card and does not have to do the dishes for a week, this best illustrates which of the following?
- Negative punishment
- Positive reinforcement
- Positive punishment
- Negative reinforcement (correct)
In the situation where Jeff's cat responds to the sound of the electric drill instead of the electric can opener, the cat is displaying ______.
In the situation where Jeff's cat responds to the sound of the electric drill instead of the electric can opener, the cat is displaying ______.
Steven thinking about his grandmother when smelling fresh-baked brownies is an example of which of the following?
Steven thinking about his grandmother when smelling fresh-baked brownies is an example of which of the following?
Checking for email messages is typically rewarded on a ______ reinforcement schedule.
Checking for email messages is typically rewarded on a ______ reinforcement schedule.
Jacqueline's ability to fly again comfortably after a year suggests her conditioning had undergone which of the following?
Jacqueline's ability to fly again comfortably after a year suggests her conditioning had undergone which of the following?
Carrie is paid a commission for every 10 boxes of candy she sells, illustrating a ______ schedule of reinforcement.
Carrie is paid a commission for every 10 boxes of candy she sells, illustrating a ______ schedule of reinforcement.
In the situation where Brett throws a temper tantrum and his mother buys him a candy bar, the candy bar is an example of ______ that will ______ the probability of tantrums.
In the situation where Brett throws a temper tantrum and his mother buys him a candy bar, the candy bar is an example of ______ that will ______ the probability of tantrums.
The treats that Susan uses to condition her cats serve as the ______.
The treats that Susan uses to condition her cats serve as the ______.
Henry's reduced interest in practicing guitar when his mother started rewarding him is an example of which of the following?
Henry's reduced interest in practicing guitar when his mother started rewarding him is an example of which of the following?
Tawana's different responses to short and long rings help illustrate which of the following?
Tawana's different responses to short and long rings help illustrate which of the following?
In the example of Frank training his dog Sigmund, he rewards successive steps towards the desired behavior. This method is known as:
In the example of Frank training his dog Sigmund, he rewards successive steps towards the desired behavior. This method is known as:
Study Notes
Reinforcers and Punishments
- A secondary reinforcer is exemplified by a gold star received for good work.
- Negative punishment involves the removal of a privilege, as seen when David is prohibited from driving his dad's car for a month after breaking curfew.
- Negative reinforcement is where a negative condition is removed; for example, Carla avoids washing dishes for a week after showing her mother an excellent report card.
Classical Conditioning
- Generalization occurs when a conditioned response is elicited by a stimulus similar to the original conditioned stimulus, demonstrated when Jeff's cat responds to the sound of an electric drill like it does to the can opener.
- Spontaneous recovery refers to the re-emergence of a conditioned response after a period of extinction, exemplified when Steven recalls his grandmother upon smelling brownies again after a long time.
- Extinction is marked by the diminishing of a conditioned response, as Jacqueline can fly comfortably after previously feeling sick from an airplane ride.
Schedules of Reinforcement
- Email checking behavior follows a variable interval reinforcement schedule, where rewards (new messages) are received at unpredictable times.
- A fixed ratio reinforcement schedule is illustrated by Carrie, who earns a commission for every 10 boxes of candy sold.
Operant Conditioning
- A candy bar given to Brett to end his tantrum acts as reinforcement, increasing the likelihood of him throwing another tantrum.
- Treats given to cats serve as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Susan’s conditioning training.
Effects of Extrinsic Motivation
- The overjustification effect occurs when external rewards decrease intrinsic motivation, exemplified by Henry who loses interest in guitar practice upon receiving rewards.
Discrimination and Training Methods
- Discrimination is observed when Tawana selectively responds to phone calls based on ring patterns.
- Shaping is a training method illustrated by Frank rewarding his dog for successive steps towards bringing the newspaper, reinforcing desired behavior incrementally.
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Description
Test your understanding of secondary reinforcers and their implications in psychological behavior. This quiz will challenge your knowledge on key concepts in reinforcement theory as outlined in your psychology class. Get ready to explore how various examples affect behavior and learning.
