Questions and Answers
What is secondary socialisation?
Socialisation carried out by other institutions outside of family and continues through the rest of our lives.
What are the five agents of secondary socialisation?
Peer groups, education, media, religion, workplace.
How is a peer group an agent of socialisation?
Includes friends and peers of a similar age, important during school years, learn about acceptable behaviour due to conformity, hierarchies in peer groups, source of rebellion.
What are four researches on peer groups as agents of socialisation?
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What did Skelton and Francis (2003) look at?
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What did Sue Lees (1983, 1997) study?
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What did Judith Harris (1998) compare?
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What concept did Tony Sewell (2000) introduce?
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How is education an agent of socialisation?
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What do you learn in the formal curriculum during education?
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What does the informal/hidden curriculum teach us during education?
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What did Bowles and Gintis (1976) argue about education?
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How is the media an agent of socialisation?
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What concept does Mulvey (1975) discuss regarding media?
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What is a concern with the media as an agent of socialisation?
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How does the media influence culture?
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What is Jock Young's idea about a bulimic society?
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How is religion an agent of socialisation?
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What did Modood and Berthoud (1997) find regarding religious influence?
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How is the workplace an agent of socialisation?
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What is formal socialisation in the workplace?
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What is informal socialisation in the workplace?
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What does Waddington (1999) say about 'canteen culture'?
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What does Morgan (1996) say about socialisation?
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Study Notes
Secondary Socialisation Overview
- Secondary socialisation occurs outside the family, continuing throughout life.
- Key institutions play significant roles in shaping individuals' behaviors, beliefs, and identities.
Agents of Secondary Socialisation
- Peer groups: Friends and classmates significantly influence social norms.
- Education: Schools teach both formal and informal norms.
- Media: Represents social groups and influences public perceptions.
- Religion: Provides foundational morals and values in society.
- Workplace: Offers norms of professional behavior and re-socialisation.
Peer Groups as Socialisation Agents
- Important during school years; individuals learn acceptable behavior through conformity.
- Peer hierarchies exist, providing a sense of status and belonging.
- Can lead to rebellion, as seen in subcultures like goths.
Research on Peer Groups
- Skelton and Francis (2003): Examined gendered play in primary schools, noting boys often dominate shared spaces.
- Sue Lees (1983, 1997): Identified pressure on teenage girls from peers, highlighting double standards in sexual behavior.
- Judith Harris (1998): Argued peer influence can outweigh parental influence in shaping identities.
- Tony Sewell (2000): Introduced 'cultural comfort zones,' indicating preference for associating with similar peers.
Education as an Agent of Socialisation
- Formal curriculum includes subjects like math, science, and history, reflecting societal values.
- Hidden curriculum imparts norms and values through interactions with teachers and peers.
- Bowels and Gintis (1976): Described schooling as a 'giant myth-making machine' that instills obedience and acceptance of societal hierarchies.
Media's Role in Socialisation
- Media's influence is pervasive, shaping understandings of social groups.
- Represents women and minorities in stereotypical ways, affecting self-perception and attitudes.
- Mulvey (1975): Introduced the 'male gaze,' critiquing how film representations objectify women.
- Concerns include media's role in promoting violence, with some blaming media for real-life violence.
Cultural Influence of Media
- Creates a consumer culture where identities are linked to purchasing behaviors influenced by celebrity endorsements.
Religion's Impact on Socialisation
- Provides foundational norms and values aligned with laws, ethics, and customs in society.
- Religious beliefs shape attitudes toward significant social issues like divorce and abortion.
- Modood and Berthoud (1997): Found religious importance varies among ethnic groups.
Workplace Dynamics in Socialisation
- Workplace introduces 're-socialisation,' teaching norms relevant to professional behavior.
- Formal socialisation includes structured expectations and sanctions.
- Informal socialisation parallels peer group dynamics, reinforcing acceptable behaviors through social cues.
Canteen Culture
- Waddington (1999): Defined 'canteen culture' within organizations, critiquing norms that may promote discriminatory attitudes, especially in policing.
Overall Socialisation Context
- Morgan (1996): Emphasized that socialisation often revolves around maintaining social control and encouraging conformity within society.
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Description
Explore the concept of secondary socialisation through this set of flashcards. Learn about its definition, the five key agents involved, and how peer groups play a significant role throughout our lives. Perfect for students studying sociology or anyone interested in understanding social dynamics.