Secondary Socialisation Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is secondary socialisation?

Socialisation carried out by other institutions outside of family and continues through the rest of our lives.

What are the five agents of secondary socialisation?

Peer groups, education, media, religion, workplace.

How is a peer group an agent of socialisation?

Includes friends and peers of a similar age, important during school years, learn about acceptable behaviour due to conformity, hierarchies in peer groups, source of rebellion.

What are four researches on peer groups as agents of socialisation?

Skelton and Francis (2003), Sue Lees (1983, 1997), Judith Harris (1998), Tony Sewell (2000). Signup and view all the answers

What did Skelton and Francis (2003) look at?

Peer groups in primary schools. Signup and view all the answers

What did Sue Lees (1983, 1997) study?

The pressure put on teenage girls by peers. Signup and view all the answers

What did Judith Harris (1998) compare?

The influence of parents and peer groups. Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Tony Sewell (2000) introduce?

'Cultural comfort zones.' Signup and view all the answers

How is education an agent of socialisation?

Overlaps with peer groups; everyone learns the formal curriculum, hidden curriculum teaches norms and values. Signup and view all the answers

What do you learn in the formal curriculum during education?

Maths, French, history, science, etc. Signup and view all the answers

What does the informal/hidden curriculum teach us during education?

Sanctions for disobedience, achievement values, school structure. Signup and view all the answers

What did Bowles and Gintis (1976) argue about education?

The education system is a 'giant myth-making machine' that enforces obedience. Signup and view all the answers

How is the media an agent of socialisation?

It influences views through representations of social groups. Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Mulvey (1975) discuss regarding media?

'Male gaze.' Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern with the media as an agent of socialisation?

Its influence on violence in society. Signup and view all the answers

How does the media influence culture?

It creates a consumer culture encouraging purchasing based on lifestyle associations. Signup and view all the answers

What is Jock Young's idea about a bulimic society?

A society with constant hunger for consumerism while being excluded from achieving it. Signup and view all the answers

How is religion an agent of socialisation?

Many norms and values in the UK are influenced by Christian beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What did Modood and Berthoud (1997) find regarding religious influence?

67% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis saw religion as 'very important,' compared to 5% of British youths. Signup and view all the answers

How is the workplace an agent of socialisation?

Involves re-socialisation with new norms and values when starting a job. Signup and view all the answers

What is formal socialisation in the workplace?

Learning the code of conduct and behaviour expectations enforced by formal sanctions. Signup and view all the answers

What is informal socialisation in the workplace?

Colleagues help an individual learn accepted behaviors through informal responses. Signup and view all the answers

What does Waddington (1999) say about 'canteen culture'?

It describes the norms and values of a particular organisation, often linked to racism in the police. Signup and view all the answers

What does Morgan (1996) say about socialisation?

A great deal of socialisation is concerned with social control and encouraging conformity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Secondary Socialisation Overview

Secondary socialisation occurs outside the family, continuing throughout life.
Key institutions play significant roles in shaping individuals' behaviors, beliefs, and identities.

Agents of Secondary Socialisation

Peer groups: Friends and classmates significantly influence social norms.
Education: Schools teach both formal and informal norms.
Media: Represents social groups and influences public perceptions.
Religion: Provides foundational morals and values in society.
Workplace: Offers norms of professional behavior and re-socialisation.

Peer Groups as Socialisation Agents

Important during school years; individuals learn acceptable behavior through conformity.
Peer hierarchies exist, providing a sense of status and belonging.
Can lead to rebellion, as seen in subcultures like goths.

Research on Peer Groups

Skelton and Francis (2003): Examined gendered play in primary schools, noting boys often dominate shared spaces.
Sue Lees (1983, 1997): Identified pressure on teenage girls from peers, highlighting double standards in sexual behavior.
Judith Harris (1998): Argued peer influence can outweigh parental influence in shaping identities.
Tony Sewell (2000): Introduced 'cultural comfort zones,' indicating preference for associating with similar peers.

Education as an Agent of Socialisation

Formal curriculum includes subjects like math, science, and history, reflecting societal values.
Hidden curriculum imparts norms and values through interactions with teachers and peers.
Bowels and Gintis (1976): Described schooling as a 'giant myth-making machine' that instills obedience and acceptance of societal hierarchies.

Media's Role in Socialisation

Media's influence is pervasive, shaping understandings of social groups.
Represents women and minorities in stereotypical ways, affecting self-perception and attitudes.
Mulvey (1975): Introduced the 'male gaze,' critiquing how film representations objectify women.
Concerns include media's role in promoting violence, with some blaming media for real-life violence.

Cultural Influence of Media

Creates a consumer culture where identities are linked to purchasing behaviors influenced by celebrity endorsements.

Religion's Impact on Socialisation

Provides foundational norms and values aligned with laws, ethics, and customs in society.
Religious beliefs shape attitudes toward significant social issues like divorce and abortion.
Modood and Berthoud (1997): Found religious importance varies among ethnic groups.

Workplace Dynamics in Socialisation

Workplace introduces 're-socialisation,' teaching norms relevant to professional behavior.
Formal socialisation includes structured expectations and sanctions.
Informal socialisation parallels peer group dynamics, reinforcing acceptable behaviors through social cues.

Canteen Culture

Waddington (1999): Defined 'canteen culture' within organizations, critiquing norms that may promote discriminatory attitudes, especially in policing.

Overall Socialisation Context

Morgan (1996): Emphasized that socialisation often revolves around maintaining social control and encouraging conformity within society.

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Description

Explore the concept of secondary socialisation through this set of flashcards. Learn about its definition, the five key agents involved, and how peer groups play a significant role throughout our lives. Perfect for students studying sociology or anyone interested in understanding social dynamics.