Psychology Rationalised 2023-24 Reform Movement Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is commonly observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

  • Excellent skills in maintaining relationships
  • Above average intellectual functioning
  • Repetitive behaviors like lining up objects (correct)
  • Strong and varied speech patterns
  • What is a common motor movement observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

  • Hand flapping (correct)
  • Jumping jacks
  • Basketball dribbling
  • Juggling
  • Which statement best describes intellectual disability?

  • Manifested before the age of 18, with below average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior (correct)
  • Difficulty in physical coordination
  • Deficits in verbal communication skills only
  • High intellectual functioning with an IQ above 100
  • In what areas do individuals with intellectual disability often experience deficits?

    <p>Communication, self-care, and social/interpersonal skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced by individuals with specific learning disorder?

    <p>Perceiving and processing information efficiently and accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common trait of individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Exceptional speech patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one aspect of the reform movement that emphasized providing community care for recovered mentally ill individuals?

    <p>Deinstitutionalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors play important roles in influencing the expression and outcome of psychological disorders?

    <p>Biological, psychological, and social factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of classifying psychological disorders?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) presents clinical criteria for the presence or absence of psychological disorders?

    <p>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a classification system for psychological disorders?

    <p>To enable communication and understanding among mental health professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach emphasizes the roles of biological, psychological, and social factors in influencing the expression and outcome of psychological disorders?

    <p>Interactional approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of bipolar and related disorders mentioned in the text?

    <p>Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Bipolar I disorder, what are the alternating emotional states that are present?

    <p>Mania and Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the risk factors mentioned for suicide in the text?

    <p>Experiencing natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is highlighted as a risk factor for suicide based on the text?

    <p>Experiencing violence or abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Bipolar mood disorders earlier referred to as?

    <p>Manic-Depressive Disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strongest risk factor for suicide according to the text?

    <p>Previous suicidal attempt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the speech and communication abilities of individuals with a moderate intellectual disability?

    <p>They have adequate receptive and expressive language but may have speech problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about academic skills is true for individuals with a severe intellectual disability?

    <p>They have no academic skills at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the social skills of individuals with a profound intellectual disability?

    <p>They are not capable of having real friends or engaging in social interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about vocational adjustment is true for individuals with a mild intellectual disability?

    <p>They can hold a job, ranging from competitive to semi-competitive, primarily in unskilled work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the adult living situation for individuals with a moderate intellectual disability?

    <p>They usually do not marry or have children and are dependent on others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about self-help skills is true for individuals with a severe or profound intellectual disability?

    <p>They have partial self-help skills, and some can care for personal needs on a limited basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinguishing factor between obsessions and compulsions?

    <p>Obsessions involve persistent intrusive thoughts, while compulsions involve repetitive behaviors or mental acts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can a long-standing pattern of deviant behavior be considered abnormal?

    <p>It depends on the specific context and cultural norms of the society in which the behavior occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient changes topics frequently while speaking in public, is this a positive or negative symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Negative symptom, as it involves a disruption or absence of normal behaviors or experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term 'dissociation' used to describe in the context of psychological disorders?

    <p>A state of detachment or disconnection from one's surroundings, memories, or sense of identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If someone has an intense fear of snakes, could this simple phobia be a result of faulty learning?

    <p>Yes, phobias can develop through classical conditioning or observational learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does anxiety become a disorder, and what are the main types of anxiety disorders?

    <p>Anxiety becomes a disorder when it is excessive, persistent, and interferes with daily functioning. Types include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autism Spectrum Disorder

    • Common characteristics include social communication challenges and restricted interests.
    • Repetitive motor movements, such as hand-flapping or rocking, are frequently observed.

    Intellectual Disability

    • Defined as significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
    • Deficits are often seen in conceptual skills (academic), social skills, and practical life skills.

    Specific Learning Disorder

    • Individuals commonly face challenges in areas like reading, writing, or mathematics.

    Community Care for Mentally Ill

    • The reform movement advocated for community care as a humane alternative for treating the mentally ill.

    Influencing Factors of Psychological Disorders

    • Biological, psychological, and social factors significantly influence the expression and outcomes of psychological disorders.

    Classification Purpose

    • Classifying psychological disorders helps in diagnosing, conveying information about treatment, and facilitating research.

    Diagnostic Manual

    • The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) published by the APA outlines clinical criteria for psychological disorders.
    • Examples include Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, and Cyclothymic disorder.

    Bipolar I Disorder

    • Characterized by alternating emotional states, specifically manic episodes and depressive episodes.

    Suicide Risk Factors

    • History of mental illness and substance abuse are highlighted as significant risk factors for suicide.

    Speech and Communication in Intellectual Disability

    • Individuals with moderate intellectual disability may have limited speech abilities but can communicate basic needs.

    Academic Skills in Severe Intellectual Disability

    • Academic skills tend to be significantly limited; individuals may struggle with basic numeracy and literacy.

    Social Skills and Profound Intellectual Disability

    • Individuals often exhibit minimal social skills, requiring extensive support in social situations.

    Vocational Adjustment in Mild Intellectual Disability

    • These individuals can often adjust to less complex job environments and may work independently with some support.

    Adult Living for Moderate Intellectual Disability

    • Individuals may require supervised living arrangements and assistance in daily tasks.

    Self-Help Skills in Severe/Profound Intellectual Disability

    • Skills are often very limited; individuals may require total assistance for personal care and daily activities.

    Obsessions vs. Compulsions

    • Obsessions are intrusive thoughts; compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety stemming from those thoughts.

    Deviant Behavior

    • Long-standing patterns of deviant behavior can indeed be considered abnormal if they violate societal norms.

    Schizophrenia Symptoms

    • Frequent topic changes in speech may indicate negative symptoms like disorganized thinking associated with schizophrenia.

    Dissociation

    • Describes a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory in the context of psychological disorders.

    Simple Phobia and Learning

    • An intense fear of snakes could stem from faulty learning; individuals may learn to fear an object based on negative experiences.

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Anxiety becomes a disorder when it disrupts daily functioning, with main types including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the new inclination for deinstitutionalisation and community care in Psychology Rationalised 2023-24. Explore the interactional approach focusing on biological, psychological, and social factors in mental health outcomes.

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