Psychology Rationalised 2023-24 Reform Movement Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is commonly observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

Excellent skills in maintaining relationships

Above average intellectual functioning

Repetitive behaviors like lining up objects (correct)

Strong and varied speech patterns

What is a common motor movement observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

Hand flapping (correct)

Jumping jacks

Basketball dribbling

Juggling

Which statement best describes intellectual disability?

Manifested before the age of 18, with below average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior (correct)

Difficulty in physical coordination

Deficits in verbal communication skills only

High intellectual functioning with an IQ above 100

In what areas do individuals with intellectual disability often experience deficits?

Communication, self-care, and social/interpersonal skills Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge faced by individuals with specific learning disorder?

Perceiving and processing information efficiently and accurately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common trait of individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

Exceptional speech patterns Signup and view all the answers

What was one aspect of the reform movement that emphasized providing community care for recovered mentally ill individuals?

Deinstitutionalization Signup and view all the answers

What factors play important roles in influencing the expression and outcome of psychological disorders?

Biological, psychological, and social factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of classifying psychological disorders?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) presents clinical criteria for the presence or absence of psychological disorders?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a classification system for psychological disorders?

To enable communication and understanding among mental health professionals Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasizes the roles of biological, psychological, and social factors in influencing the expression and outcome of psychological disorders?

Interactional approach Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of bipolar and related disorders mentioned in the text?

Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder Signup and view all the answers

In Bipolar I disorder, what are the alternating emotional states that are present?

Mania and Depression Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the risk factors mentioned for suicide in the text?

Experiencing natural disasters Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is highlighted as a risk factor for suicide based on the text?

Experiencing violence or abuse Signup and view all the answers

What was Bipolar mood disorders earlier referred to as?

Manic-Depressive Disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the strongest risk factor for suicide according to the text?

Previous suicidal attempt Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the speech and communication abilities of individuals with a moderate intellectual disability?

They have adequate receptive and expressive language but may have speech problems. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about academic skills is true for individuals with a severe intellectual disability?

They have no academic skills at all. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the social skills of individuals with a profound intellectual disability?

They are not capable of having real friends or engaging in social interactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about vocational adjustment is true for individuals with a mild intellectual disability?

They can hold a job, ranging from competitive to semi-competitive, primarily in unskilled work. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the adult living situation for individuals with a moderate intellectual disability?

They usually do not marry or have children and are dependent on others. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about self-help skills is true for individuals with a severe or profound intellectual disability?

They have partial self-help skills, and some can care for personal needs on a limited basis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinguishing factor between obsessions and compulsions?

Obsessions involve persistent intrusive thoughts, while compulsions involve repetitive behaviors or mental acts. Signup and view all the answers

Can a long-standing pattern of deviant behavior be considered abnormal?

It depends on the specific context and cultural norms of the society in which the behavior occurs. Signup and view all the answers

If a patient changes topics frequently while speaking in public, is this a positive or negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Negative symptom, as it involves a disruption or absence of normal behaviors or experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term 'dissociation' used to describe in the context of psychological disorders?

A state of detachment or disconnection from one's surroundings, memories, or sense of identity. Signup and view all the answers

If someone has an intense fear of snakes, could this simple phobia be a result of faulty learning?

Yes, phobias can develop through classical conditioning or observational learning. Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does anxiety become a disorder, and what are the main types of anxiety disorders?

Anxiety becomes a disorder when it is excessive, persistent, and interferes with daily functioning. Types include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Common characteristics include social communication challenges and restricted interests.
Repetitive motor movements, such as hand-flapping or rocking, are frequently observed.

Intellectual Disability

Defined as significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
Deficits are often seen in conceptual skills (academic), social skills, and practical life skills.

Specific Learning Disorder

Individuals commonly face challenges in areas like reading, writing, or mathematics.

Community Care for Mentally Ill

The reform movement advocated for community care as a humane alternative for treating the mentally ill.

Influencing Factors of Psychological Disorders

Biological, psychological, and social factors significantly influence the expression and outcomes of psychological disorders.

Classification Purpose

Classifying psychological disorders helps in diagnosing, conveying information about treatment, and facilitating research.

Diagnostic Manual

The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) published by the APA outlines clinical criteria for psychological disorders.

Examples include Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, and Cyclothymic disorder.

Bipolar I Disorder

Characterized by alternating emotional states, specifically manic episodes and depressive episodes.

Suicide Risk Factors

History of mental illness and substance abuse are highlighted as significant risk factors for suicide.

Speech and Communication in Intellectual Disability

Individuals with moderate intellectual disability may have limited speech abilities but can communicate basic needs.

Academic Skills in Severe Intellectual Disability

Academic skills tend to be significantly limited; individuals may struggle with basic numeracy and literacy.

Individuals often exhibit minimal social skills, requiring extensive support in social situations.

Vocational Adjustment in Mild Intellectual Disability

These individuals can often adjust to less complex job environments and may work independently with some support.

Adult Living for Moderate Intellectual Disability

Individuals may require supervised living arrangements and assistance in daily tasks.

Self-Help Skills in Severe/Profound Intellectual Disability

Skills are often very limited; individuals may require total assistance for personal care and daily activities.

Obsessions vs. Compulsions

Obsessions are intrusive thoughts; compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety stemming from those thoughts.

Deviant Behavior

Long-standing patterns of deviant behavior can indeed be considered abnormal if they violate societal norms.

Schizophrenia Symptoms

Frequent topic changes in speech may indicate negative symptoms like disorganized thinking associated with schizophrenia.

Dissociation

Describes a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory in the context of psychological disorders.

Simple Phobia and Learning

An intense fear of snakes could stem from faulty learning; individuals may learn to fear an object based on negative experiences.

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety becomes a disorder when it disrupts daily functioning, with main types including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the new inclination for deinstitutionalisation and community care in Psychology Rationalised 2023-24. Explore the interactional approach focusing on biological, psychological, and social factors in mental health outcomes.