Psychology Quiz: Schools of Thought and Research Methods
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Questions and Answers

Which school of psychology emphasizes the study of psychological phenomena as a whole, rather than breaking them down into individual elements?

  • Functionalism
  • Behaviorism
  • Gestalt psychology (correct)
  • Structuralism
  • What technique did Wilhelm Wundt and his students use to study mental states?

  • Intensity measurement
  • Behaviorism
  • Introspection (correct)
  • Componentialism
  • What is implied by the term 'limited capacity processors' in the context of human cognition?

  • Human beings can process information in parallel
  • Computers have limited memory storage
  • Neurons can only fire at a certain rate
  • Human beings can only do so many things at once (correct)
  • Which psychologist conducted extensive research on his own memory to develop theories of cognition?

    <p>Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific method used for in the field of psychology?

    <p>To test hypotheses and gain knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cognitive process?

    <p>Muscle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assumed when we are asked to apply our newly acquired information?

    <p>We know how to apply it later</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What view of concepts includes representations of individual instances and abstract summaries?

    <p>both exemplar and schemata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the schema view of concept formation?

    <p>Information is abstracted across instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view of concepts uses a person's theories to justify classification?

    <p>Knowledge-based view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with the prototype view of concepts?

    <p>Family resemblance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a superordinate level of categorization?

    <p>Furniture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of attention during practice?

    <p>Determining what is learned and remembered from the practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'cocktail party effect'?

    <p>A phenomenon where a person's name is more noticeable in a background conversation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where a sudden, novel stimulus captures attention?

    <p>The attention capture phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to which theory, unattended material is not acquired at all?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of automatic processes?

    <p>They do not interfere with other activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of attention in the context of learning and memory?

    <p>To prioritize what is learned and remembered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to seek out information that supports our current beliefs?

    <p>confirmation bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reasoning involves making conclusions from general information to specific information?

    <p>Deductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing is characterized as controlled, slow, and conscious?

    <p>System 2 processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises?

    <p>Syllogistic reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reasoning involves making conclusions from specific information to general information?

    <p>Inductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing is characterized as largely automatic, rapid, and unconscious?

    <p>System 1 processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In everyday reasoning, what is the primary purpose of solving problems?

    <p>To achieve other goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cognitive bias that leads people to overestimate the frequency of words beginning with the letter L?

    <p>Availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When interpreting premises, what mistake do people often make?

    <p>Failing to consider alternative interpretations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do normative models of decision making describe?

    <p>The ideal way to make decisions under ideal circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the ideal model of decision making?

    <p>Ranking criteria in terms of their importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of normative models of decision making?

    <p>To provide a standard for evaluating decision-making processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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