30 Questions
Which school of psychology emphasizes the study of psychological phenomena as a whole, rather than breaking them down into individual elements?
Gestalt psychology
What technique did Wilhelm Wundt and his students use to study mental states?
Introspection
What is implied by the term 'limited capacity processors' in the context of human cognition?
Human beings can only do so many things at once
Which psychologist conducted extensive research on his own memory to develop theories of cognition?
Ebbinghaus
What is the scientific method used for in the field of psychology?
To test hypotheses and gain knowledge
Which of the following is NOT a cognitive process?
Muscle movement
What is assumed when we are asked to apply our newly acquired information?
We know how to apply it later
What view of concepts includes representations of individual instances and abstract summaries?
both exemplar and schemata
What is a characteristic of the schema view of concept formation?
Information is abstracted across instances
Which view of concepts uses a person's theories to justify classification?
Knowledge-based view
Which of the following is associated with the prototype view of concepts?
Family resemblance
What is an example of a superordinate level of categorization?
Furniture
What is the primary function of attention during practice?
Determining what is learned and remembered from the practice
What is the 'cocktail party effect'?
A phenomenon where a person's name is more noticeable in a background conversation
What is the term for the phenomenon where a sudden, novel stimulus captures attention?
The attention capture phenomenon
According to which theory, unattended material is not acquired at all?
Schema theory
Which of the following is a characteristic of automatic processes?
They do not interfere with other activities
What is the primary function of attention in the context of learning and memory?
To prioritize what is learned and remembered
What is the term for the tendency to seek out information that supports our current beliefs?
confirmation bias
What type of reasoning involves making conclusions from general information to specific information?
Deductive reasoning
Which type of processing is characterized as controlled, slow, and conscious?
System 2 processing
What is the term for the process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises?
Syllogistic reasoning
What type of reasoning involves making conclusions from specific information to general information?
Inductive reasoning
Which type of processing is characterized as largely automatic, rapid, and unconscious?
System 1 processing
In everyday reasoning, what is the primary purpose of solving problems?
To achieve other goals
What is the cognitive bias that leads people to overestimate the frequency of words beginning with the letter L?
Availability
When interpreting premises, what mistake do people often make?
Failing to consider alternative interpretations
What do normative models of decision making describe?
The ideal way to make decisions under ideal circumstances
What is a key aspect of the ideal model of decision making?
Ranking criteria in terms of their importance
What is the primary goal of normative models of decision making?
To provide a standard for evaluating decision-making processes
Test your knowledge of psychology's foundational theories and approaches. This quiz covers the basics of Gestalt psychology, structuralism, and more, as well as research methods like introspection and componentialism.
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