18 Questions
What is the main focus of cognitive psychologists who study the role of consciousness in human thought processes?
Conscious choice
What is the primary difference between functionalism and structuralism in psychology?
Functionalists wanted to study whole organisms in real-life tasks
What is the name of the movement that rejected the idea that mental events were beyond scientific study?
Cognitive revolution
Which paradigm is most closely associated with the idea of natural selection?
Evolutionary
What is the primary focus of functionalists in psychology?
Whole organisms in real-life tasks
What is the term for the immediate stimulus that triggers a response?
Proximal stimulus
Which school of psychology emphasizes studying psychological phenomena as a whole rather than breaking them down into individual components?
Gestalt psychology
What technique was used by Wilhelm Wundt and his students to study mental states?
Introspection
What does the term 'limited capacity processors' suggest about human beings?
Human beings can only do so many things at once
Which psychologist is known for extensively testing his own memory to develop theories of cognition?
Ebbinghaus
What is the method of gaining knowledge that relies on observations of phenomena and allows for tests of hypotheses about these phenomena?
Scientific method
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cognitive process?
Respiration
Expected utility theory is usually regarded as a type of decision making model that is ________.
normative
Which model is used to integrate different dimensions and goals of a complex decision?
MAUT
What is the phase of decision making that involves organizing information called?
Structuring the Decision
What is the phenomenon where people continue to invest time and effort in a decision because of the resources they have already committed?
The Sunk Cost Effect
What is the phenomenon where changing the description of a decision can cause people to change their reference points, leading to illogical preferences?
The Framing Effect
Which of the following is a descriptive model of decision making?
Decision Analysis
Study Notes
Attention and Perception
- Reflex is a correct concept related to attention and perception.
Functionalism vs Structuralism
- One key difference between functionalism and structuralism is that functionalists wanted to study whole organisms in real-life tasks.
Cognitive Psychology
- Cognitive psychologists who focus on consciousness in human thought processes want to know how much conscious choice we have in our behaviors.
Cognitive Revolution
- The cognitive revolution was a rejection of the prevailing assumption that mental events were beyond the realm of scientific study.
Paradigms
- The idea of natural selection is central to the evolutionary paradigm.
Proximal Stimulus
- A proximal stimulus is a specific example of a stimulus that triggers a response.
Gestalt Psychology
- The belief that psychological phenomena cannot be reduced to simple elements but must be studied in their entirety is central to the school of Gestalt psychology.
Introspection
- Wilhelm Wundt and his students used introspection to study mental states.
Limited Capacity Processors
- The term "limited capacity processors" suggests that human beings can only do so many things at once.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
- Hermann Ebbinghaus extensively tested his own memory to develop theories of cognition.
Scientific Method
- The scientific method is a way of gaining knowledge in a field that relies on observations of phenomena and allows for tests of hypotheses about these phenomena.
Cognitive Processes
- Ranking criteria in terms of their importance is not an example of a cognitive process.
Decision Making
- Expected utility theory is usually regarded as a normative model of decision making.
- MAUT is a normative model for integrating different dimensions and goals of a complex decision.
- The phase of decision making that involves finding a way to organize information is called structuring the decision.
- The sunk cost effect occurs when we continue to struggle with a problem because we've already invested so much time and effort in it.
- Framing is a phenomenon where changing the description of a decision can cause us to change our reference points, leading to illogical preferences.
Test your knowledge of psychology theories and approaches, including Gestalt psychology, Structuralism, Functionalism, and Behaviorism. This quiz covers key concepts and techniques used to study mental states and psychological phenomena.
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