Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key feature of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
What is a key feature of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Which statement best describes the distinguishing factor between Schizophrenia and Brief Psychotic Disorder?
Which statement best describes the distinguishing factor between Schizophrenia and Brief Psychotic Disorder?
Which neurotransmitter is linked to mood disturbances in conditions like Mania and Depression?
Which neurotransmitter is linked to mood disturbances in conditions like Mania and Depression?
Which symptom is NOT characteristic of an anxiety disorder?
Which symptom is NOT characteristic of an anxiety disorder?
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Which of the following symptoms is associated with Catatonia Associated with Another Mental Disorder?
Which of the following symptoms is associated with Catatonia Associated with Another Mental Disorder?
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Which statement accurately describes the symptoms of Schizophrenia?
Which statement accurately describes the symptoms of Schizophrenia?
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What distinguishes a Manic episode from a Hypomanic episode?
What distinguishes a Manic episode from a Hypomanic episode?
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Which condition requires a diagnosis of at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode?
Which condition requires a diagnosis of at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode?
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Which neurotransmitters are linked to depressive disorders?
Which neurotransmitters are linked to depressive disorders?
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What is a characteristic of individuals with Delusional Disorder?
What is a characteristic of individuals with Delusional Disorder?
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To diagnose Separation Anxiety Disorder in children, how long must symptoms persist?
To diagnose Separation Anxiety Disorder in children, how long must symptoms persist?
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What is true about Cyclothymic Disorder?
What is true about Cyclothymic Disorder?
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Which is a significant factor in diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Which is a significant factor in diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
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What kind of protective measures do individuals with Stereotypic Movement Disorder require at the severe level?
What kind of protective measures do individuals with Stereotypic Movement Disorder require at the severe level?
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Which of the following accurately describes the actions of hyperactive and impulsive individuals?
Which of the following accurately describes the actions of hyperactive and impulsive individuals?
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Study Notes
Skies Frenia
- The course of medication for Skies Frenia is specified after a duration of one year.
- Individuals who engage in mainstream behavior as part of any disorder are diagnosed with Delusional Disorders.
Inattention
- A child who doesn't listen to a teacher’s instructions, doesn't follow them, and cannot complete their class work is diagnosed with Inattention Disorder.
- Inattention disorder is a symptom of ADHD.
Amygdala
- The Amygdala of the brain is closely associated with panic disorder.
- The Amygdala plays a critical role in controlling emotions and behavior, particularly fear, anxiety, and aggression.
Norepinephrine
- Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter associated with Mania and Depression when its levels are high or low.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders have nine distinct types.
Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar Disorder
- A prominent and persistent disturbance in mood, including elevated or irritable mood, depressive symptoms, occurring during or shortly after the substance intoxication or withdrawal is known as Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar Disorder.
Catatonia Associated with Another Mental Disorder
- Symptoms of Catatonia Associated with Another Mental Disorder include:
- Vacillating Flexibility
- Mutism
- Negativism
- Posturing
- Mannerisms/Stereotypies
- Agitation
- Not Influenced by External Stimuli
Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Brief Psychotic Disorder
- The duration of the condition is a crucial factor in differentiating Schizophrenia and Brief Psychotic Disorder.
Bipolar and Related Disorders
- When individuals experience extreme shifts in mood and a significant change in energy and activity levels, they may be experiencing Bipolar and Related Disorders.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has two main features:
- Inattention and Disorganization
- Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
Anxiety in the Nervous System
- Avoidance Behavior
- Muscle Tension
- Muscle Pain
- Anticipation of future threats
- These are all symptoms of an anxiety disorder.
- Loss of play is not considered a characteristic of Anxiety Disorders.
Suicide
- Taking one’s life as a result of depression or other mental disorders is known as suicide.
- Intolerable mental anguish, pain, and fear can lead to suicidal ideation.
Schizophrenia
- Both positive and negative symptoms are present in Schizophrenia.
- Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts, and abnormal movements.
- Negative symptoms include flat affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia, and social withdrawal.
Cyclothymic Disorder
- During at least a two-year period, individuals experience numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms but don't meet the full criteria for a definitive diagnosis of a mood disorder.
- This is known as Cyclothymic Disorder.
Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Symptoms that fall under the Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders but don't meet the full criteria for a diagnosis.
- This is known as Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders.
Hyperactive and Impulsive Individuals
- Hyperactive and Impulsive Individuals have difficulty waiting for their turn and tend to interrupt others.
Hypomanic and Manic Episodes
- The duration is the key difference between Hypomanic and Manic Episodes.
- Manic episodes last for at least a week, whereas Hypomanic episodes typically last for a shorter duration.
Major Depressive Disorder
- Individuals with this disorder display low mood, lack of pleasure in activities, and suicidal ideation.
Genetic Etiology
- Schizophrenia
- Family history of Schizophrenia increases the risk of developing the condition.
- Genetic predisposition increases the prevalence of negative symptoms in Schizophrenia.
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
- History, laboratory findings, and physical examinations are used to diagnose Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder.
Environmental Factors
- Negative thinking is not considered an environmental factor contributing to depression.
Bipolar II Disorder
- At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode are necessary for a diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder.
Delusional Disorder
- Individuals experiencing Delusional Disorder cannot distinguish between reality and fantasy
- It previously was referred to as Paranoid Disorder.
Bipolar and Related Disorders
- Bipolar and Related Disorders consist of:
- Manic Episodes
- Depressive Episodes
- Hypomanic Episodes
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
- Individuals with Stereotypic Movement Disorder require protective measures and behavioral modification at the mild level.
- At the severe level, individuals require continuous monitoring and protective measures.
Schizoaffective Disorder
- Individuals experiencing Schizoaffective Disorder display mixed features of mood disorders and Schizophrenia.
Depression
- Reduced gray matter volume in the brain is associated with depression.
Tic Disorders
- Tic Disorders are characterized by sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic motor movements and vocalizations.
Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children
- To diagnose Separation Anxiety Disorder in children, symptoms must persist for at least four weeks.
Neurotransmitters Associated with Depressive Disorders
- Serotonin and Norepinephrine are neurotransmitters linked to depressive disorders.
Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Individuals with Developmental Coordination Disorder encounter motor difficulties, such as dropping objects, which are manifested by clumsiness.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Separation Anxiety Disorder commonly occurs in school-going children who often express anxiety or fear when separated from their parents or guardians.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- To properly diagnose ADHD, it is crucial to determine if it is:
- Combined presentation
- Predominantly inattentive presentation
- Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
Social Anxiety Disorder
- Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by selective emphasis on negative events.
- Individuals experiencing this disorder often have a fear of being evaluated or judged by others.
- However, diagnosing this condition can be challenging.
Attributions
- Attributions for an individual's failure can be:
- Specific
- External
- Stable
- An example of a specific, external, and stable attribution is a difficult test given by the professor.
- Difficulties with a challenging test are attributed to an External, Specific, and Stable attribution.
Delusional Disorder
- Delusional Disorder is characterized by systematic delusions that lead to disorganization but maintain overall organized behavior, grooming, and functioning.
Hypomanic Episode of Bipolar and Related Disorders
- Individuals experiencing a hypomanic episode exhibit abnormally elevated or expansive mood, increased goal-directed activity and energy, lasting between four consecutive days.
Inattention
- Individuals with Inattention demonstrate difficulty focusing on details and make careless mistakes.
- Inattention and hyperactive-impulsive presentations are the most important aspects to specify when diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Persistent Depressive Disorder
- Persistent Depressive Disorder is also referred to as dysthymia.
Motor Disorders
- There are three main types of Motor Disorders:
- Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Stereotypic Movement Disorder
- Tic Disorders.
- The individual must maintain the same position despite the flexibility to move their body when exhibiting catatonic behavior referred to as “waxy flexibility.”
Depressive Disorders
- Serotonin and Norepinephrine are neurotransmitters involved in depressive disorders.
Selective Mutism
- Individuals with Selective Mutism have the ability to speak fluently in specific social situations but choose to remain silent in other settings.
- For example, while Alina speaks English fluently, she has not spoken in her Physics class for the past five weeks. This is a sign of Selective Mutism.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
- In adults, persistent depressive mood for at least two years is a defining symptom of Persistent Depressive Disorder.
- For teenagers, a period of at least one year of irritable mood is indicative of Persistent Depressive Disorder.
Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- In individuals with Unspecified ADHD, the severity of their disorder doesn’t significantly impact their academic performance.
Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
- Delusions that occur during or shortly after substance intoxication or withdrawal, or after exposure to a medication, are a key feature of Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on various mental health topics, including schizophrenia, inattention disorders, and the role of neurotransmitters like Norepinephrine. This quiz covers the diagnoses, symptoms, and biological underpinnings related to these conditions. Dive in to explore the complexities of mental health disorders.
