Questions and Answers
Dendrites are branching extensions of:
When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is:
José has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of:
The tremors of Parkinson's disease result from the death of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter:
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Nerves are neural cables containing many:
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Which endocrine gland regulates body growth?
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Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the:
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As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming from this paper. Which type of neuron is carrying this message to the brain?
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The neural system located at the border between the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the:
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Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological specialty known as:
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The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n):
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Reuptake refers to the:
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Which region of the brain will a fMRI show as active when a person is looking at a photo?
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A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a(n):
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The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called:
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Which of the following are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord?
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The longest part of a neuron is likely to be the:
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We are usually least consciously aware of the processes and functions of which brain structure?
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The master gland of the endocrine system is the:
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A synapse is a(n):
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In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior?
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The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called the:
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The body's speedy, electrochemical information system is called the:
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The association areas are located in the:
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The function of dendrites is to:
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Who believed that bumps on the skull reveal mental abilities and character traits?
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A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the:
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Information travels from the spinal cord to the brain via:
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An axon is:
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Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote:
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The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n):
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For you to be able to run, ________ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles.
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Within a single neuron the action potential:
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Study Notes
Neurons and Neural Communication
- Dendrites are extensions of neurons that receive signals from other neurons.
- When acetylcholine (ACh) release is blocked, it can lead to muscular paralysis.
- Endorphins released during physical exertion can diminish pain sensation.
Neurotransmitters
- Dopamine is the neurotransmitter associated with movement regulation; its deficiency causes Parkinson's disease.
- Reuptake is the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron after signal transmission.
- Action potentials are generated by the movement of positively charged ions across a neuron's membrane.
Brain Structures and Functions
- The limbic system, situated between the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres, is involved in emotions and drives.
- The frontal lobes are crucial for personality and behavior, as evidenced by Phineas Gage's accident.
- The cerebral cortex is the outer neural layer that processes complex brain functions.
Nervous System and Reflexes
- The nervous system operates as a speedy, electrochemical information system.
- Reflexes are automatic responses to sensory stimuli that occur without conscious thought.
- Interneurons are responsible for relaying information within the brain and spinal cord.
Endocrine System
- The pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates various hormonal functions in the body.
- The thyroid gland plays a key role in regulating metabolism and growth.
Neuronal Anatomy
- Axons are the parts of neurons that carry messages away from the cell body.
- The myelin sheath encases axons, significantly increasing the speed of neural impulses.
- A synapse is the junction where communication occurs between sending and receiving neurons.
Research and Theories
- Franz Gall developed the theory of phrenology, suggesting that bumps on the skull indicate mental abilities and traits.
- Biological psychology examines how the brain and body influence behavior and mental processes.
Overall Impacts
- Physical exercise and stimulating environments can enhance neurogenesis, promoting new neuron formation.
- Neural signals are transmitted through sensory neurons, which carry messages from the body to the central nervous system.
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Description
Test your knowledge on psychology concepts with this engaging quiz. Focus on key terms such as dendrites and neurotransmitters, while exploring concepts related to the nervous system and muscle functions. Challenge yourself and expand your understanding of psychology!
