Psychology - Punishment vs. Reinforcement

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of punishment?

  • Reduction or elimination of aversive stimuli as a consequence of a behavior
  • Receiving favorable or pleasant consequences for a behavior
  • The manipulation of stimuli intended to increase the probability of a behavior occurring again in the future
  • The manipulation of stimuli intended to decrease the probability of a behavior occurring again in the future (correct)

What is an example of positive punishment?

Spanking

What is negative punishment?

Reduction or elimination of favorable or pleasant stimuli as a consequence of a behavior

What is an example of negative punishment?

<p>Time out</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is positive reinforcement?

<p>Receiving favorable or pleasant consequences for a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

<p>A gold star</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is negative reinforcement?

<p>Reduction or elimination of aversive or unpleasant stimuli as a consequence of a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of negative reinforcement?

<p>Headache goes away when you take an aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of reinforcement?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fixed-interval reinforcement?

<p>Reinforcement given after a specified time interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fixed-ratio reinforcement?

<p>Reinforcement given after specified amount of responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is variable-interval reinforcement?

<p>Reinforcement given in differing time intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is variable-ratio reinforcement?

<p>Reinforcement given after variable number of responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does vicarious reinforcement mean?

<p>Person watched someone do something and either gets rewarded or punished</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-reinforcement?

<p>Person is self-observant and produces reward or punishment for self</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Punishment

  • Aims to decrease the likelihood of a behavior recurring through manipulation of stimuli.

Positive Punishment

  • Involves introducing aversive outcomes to reduce a behavior.

Example of Positive Punishment

  • Spanking is an application of positive punishment.

Negative Punishment

  • Entails the removal of pleasurable stimuli to discourage behavior.

Example of Negative Punishment

  • Time out serves as an example of negative punishment.

Reinforcement

  • Designed to increase the chances of a behavior being repeated by manipulating stimuli.

Positive Reinforcement

  • Occurs when favorable outcomes are provided as a result of a behavior.

Example of Positive Reinforcement

  • Receiving good grades exemplifies positive reinforcement.

Negative Reinforcement

  • Involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli to encourage a behavior.

Example of Negative Reinforcement

  • An example is taking an aspirin to relieve a headache, leading to continued usage of the medication.

Types of Punishment

  • Presentation punishment ("Type I"): e.g., After school detention.
  • Removal punishment ("Type II"): e.g., No TV for a week.

Fixed-Interval Reinforcement

  • Provides reinforcement after a predetermined time period has elapsed.

Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement

  • Offers reinforcement after a specific number of responses is achieved.

Variable-Interval Reinforcement

  • Reinforcement occurs at unpredictable time intervals.

Variable-Ratio Reinforcement

  • Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses.

Types of Reinforcement

  • Includes direct, vicarious, and self-reinforcement.

Direct Reinforcement

  • Occurs when an individual is reinforced or punished as a direct result of their behavior.

Vicarious Reinforcement

  • Takes place when a person observes someone else being rewarded or punished for a behavior.

Self-Reinforcement

  • Involves self-observation where individuals reward or punish themselves based on their actions.

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