Psychology - Punishment vs. Reinforcement

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of punishment?

Reduction or elimination of aversive stimuli as a consequence of a behavior

Receiving favorable or pleasant consequences for a behavior

The manipulation of stimuli intended to increase the probability of a behavior occurring again in the future

The manipulation of stimuli intended to decrease the probability of a behavior occurring again in the future (correct)

What is an example of positive punishment?

Spanking

What is negative punishment?

Reduction or elimination of favorable or pleasant stimuli as a consequence of a behavior

What is an example of negative punishment?

Time out Signup and view all the answers

What is positive reinforcement?

Receiving favorable or pleasant consequences for a behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

A gold star Signup and view all the answers

What is negative reinforcement?

Reduction or elimination of aversive or unpleasant stimuli as a consequence of a behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of negative reinforcement?

Headache goes away when you take an aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of reinforcement?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is fixed-interval reinforcement?

Reinforcement given after a specified time interval Signup and view all the answers

What is fixed-ratio reinforcement?

Reinforcement given after specified amount of responses Signup and view all the answers

What is variable-interval reinforcement?

Reinforcement given in differing time intervals Signup and view all the answers

What is variable-ratio reinforcement?

Reinforcement given after variable number of responses Signup and view all the answers

What does vicarious reinforcement mean?

Person watched someone do something and either gets rewarded or punished Signup and view all the answers

What is self-reinforcement?

Person is self-observant and produces reward or punishment for self Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Punishment

Aims to decrease the likelihood of a behavior recurring through manipulation of stimuli.

Positive Punishment

Involves introducing aversive outcomes to reduce a behavior.

Example of Positive Punishment

Spanking is an application of positive punishment.

Negative Punishment

Entails the removal of pleasurable stimuli to discourage behavior.

Example of Negative Punishment

Time out serves as an example of negative punishment.

Reinforcement

Designed to increase the chances of a behavior being repeated by manipulating stimuli.

Positive Reinforcement

Occurs when favorable outcomes are provided as a result of a behavior.

Example of Positive Reinforcement

Receiving good grades exemplifies positive reinforcement.

Negative Reinforcement

Involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli to encourage a behavior.

Example of Negative Reinforcement

An example is taking an aspirin to relieve a headache, leading to continued usage of the medication.

Types of Punishment

Presentation punishment ("Type I"): e.g., After school detention.
Removal punishment ("Type II"): e.g., No TV for a week.

Fixed-Interval Reinforcement

Provides reinforcement after a predetermined time period has elapsed.

Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement

Offers reinforcement after a specific number of responses is achieved.

Variable-Interval Reinforcement

Reinforcement occurs at unpredictable time intervals.

Variable-Ratio Reinforcement

Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses.

Types of Reinforcement

Includes direct, vicarious, and self-reinforcement.

Direct Reinforcement

Occurs when an individual is reinforced or punished as a direct result of their behavior.

Vicarious Reinforcement

Takes place when a person observes someone else being rewarded or punished for a behavior.

Self-Reinforcement

Involves self-observation where individuals reward or punish themselves based on their actions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the concepts of punishment and reinforcement in psychology through these flashcards. Understand the definitions and examples of positive and negative punishment, and how they influence behavior. Ideal for students studying behavior modification and learning theories.