Psychology: Psychodynamic Theories
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Questions and Answers

What is the Jesuit maxim that relates to the concept of personality development?

  • Give me a child until he is three, and I will show you the personality.
  • Give me a child until he is ten, and I will show you the person.
  • Give me a child until he is five, and I will show you the adult.
  • Give me a child until he is seven, and I will show you the man. (correct)
  • What is the primary goal of clinical psychology in relation to personality development?

  • To explore the role of environment in shaping personality
  • To study the impact of genetics on personality
  • To help people change important aspects of their lives (correct)
  • To understand the stability of personality traits over time
  • What type of change do personality traits undergo over the life span?

  • Temporary change
  • Permanent change
  • Situational change
  • Developmental change (correct)
  • What is the relationship between age and personality change?

    <p>Most personality changes occur between ages 20 and 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of international travel on personality development?

    <p>It hastens increased maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical direction of change in extraversion across the life span?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely explanation for the changes in personality traits observed in bereaved caregivers?

    <p>The experience of bereavement and caregiving leads to positive personality changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely age range for the greatest amount of personality change?

    <p>20-40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the emergence of the Humanistic Perspective in psychology according to Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?

    <p>To offer an alternative to the dehumanizing ideas in Behaviorism and the dysfunctional view in Psychodynamic thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following did Maslow include at the top of his hierarchy of needs?

    <p>Self-actualization and self-transcendence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carl Rogers' therapeutic technique primarily focused on what key aspect?

    <p>Creating a supportive and accepting environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT one of the conditions that Rogers believed facilitated personal growth?

    <p>Critical judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Humanistic approaches, what is the focus of studying personality?

    <p>Emphasizing how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute is typically associated with a self-actualizing person in Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Being self-aware and self-accepting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach emphasizes studying healthy people rather than those with mental health problems?

    <p>The Humanistic Perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Carl Rogers' concept of 'Unconditional Positive Regard' entail?

    <p>Acknowledging feelings without passing judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method focuses on individual lives and unique personal characteristics?

    <p>Idiographic approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical benefit of experimental design in personality research?

    <p>It rules out baseline differences between groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of societies might individual differences be highlighted?

    <p>Individualistic societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nomothetic approach use to compare people?

    <p>A universal metric for all people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality factor showed an increase in the experimental group?

    <p>Openness to experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consistency is found in sex differences in personality?

    <p>They align with common sex stereotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do idiographic approaches measure personality?

    <p>By focusing on metrics unique to each individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research finding highlights the universality of the Big Five personality factors?

    <p>Cross-cultural research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of psychodynamic theories of personality?

    <p>The interaction between unconscious and conscious processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what does the unconscious level contain?

    <p>Material that the mind cannot easily retrieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Freud compare conscious awareness to?

    <p>The tip of the iceberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three levels of consciousness according to Freud?

    <p>Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the preconscious level consist of?

    <p>Content that is not currently in awareness but can be brought to awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Freud believe human behavior was primarily influenced?

    <p>By unconscious processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do unconscious conflicts play in Freud's psychodynamic theory?

    <p>They can result in psychological distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the superego according to Freud's theory?

    <p>It internalizes societal values and standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors is most associated with agreeable people?

    <p>Swearing less often</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of environment do people open to experience spend more time?

    <p>Restaurants, bars, and coffee shops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait is associated with spending more time arguing?

    <p>Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why acquaintances might judge a person's behavior more accurately than the person themselves?

    <p>Acquaintances are less biased in self-perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait's judgment accuracy is typically low in observability but high in evaluativeness?

    <p>Agreeableness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are friends' ratings more accurate than self-ratings?

    <p>For traits high in observability and low in evaluativeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is commonly associated with conscientious people according to the EAR?

    <p>Attending class more frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does the Big Five trait of extraversion predict according to the EAR?

    <p>Talking more</p> Signup and view all the answers

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