Psychology: Psychodynamic Theories

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the Jesuit maxim that relates to the concept of personality development?

Give me a child until he is three, and I will show you the personality.

Give me a child until he is ten, and I will show you the person.

Give me a child until he is five, and I will show you the adult.

Give me a child until he is seven, and I will show you the man. (correct)

What is the primary goal of clinical psychology in relation to personality development?

To explore the role of environment in shaping personality

To study the impact of genetics on personality

To help people change important aspects of their lives (correct)

To understand the stability of personality traits over time

What type of change do personality traits undergo over the life span?

Temporary change

Permanent change

Situational change

Developmental change (correct)

What is the relationship between age and personality change?

Most personality changes occur between ages 20 and 40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of international travel on personality development?

It hastens increased maturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical direction of change in extraversion across the life span?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely explanation for the changes in personality traits observed in bereaved caregivers?

The experience of bereavement and caregiving leads to positive personality changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely age range for the greatest amount of personality change?

20-40 Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the emergence of the Humanistic Perspective in psychology according to Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?

To offer an alternative to the dehumanizing ideas in Behaviorism and the dysfunctional view in Psychodynamic thought Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following did Maslow include at the top of his hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization and self-transcendence Signup and view all the answers

Carl Rogers' therapeutic technique primarily focused on what key aspect?

Creating a supportive and accepting environment Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT one of the conditions that Rogers believed facilitated personal growth?

Critical judgment Signup and view all the answers

According to Humanistic approaches, what is the focus of studying personality?

Emphasizing how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute is typically associated with a self-actualizing person in Maslow's hierarchy?

Being self-aware and self-accepting Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasizes studying healthy people rather than those with mental health problems?

The Humanistic Perspective Signup and view all the answers

What does Carl Rogers' concept of 'Unconditional Positive Regard' entail?

Acknowledging feelings without passing judgment Signup and view all the answers

Which method focuses on individual lives and unique personal characteristics?

Idiographic approaches Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical benefit of experimental design in personality research?

It rules out baseline differences between groups Signup and view all the answers

In what type of societies might individual differences be highlighted?

Individualistic societies Signup and view all the answers

What does the nomothetic approach use to compare people?

A universal metric for all people Signup and view all the answers

Which personality factor showed an increase in the experimental group?

Openness to experience Signup and view all the answers

What consistency is found in sex differences in personality?

They align with common sex stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

How do idiographic approaches measure personality?

By focusing on metrics unique to each individual Signup and view all the answers

Which research finding highlights the universality of the Big Five personality factors?

Cross-cultural research Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of psychodynamic theories of personality?

The interaction between unconscious and conscious processes Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what does the unconscious level contain?

Material that the mind cannot easily retrieve Signup and view all the answers

What did Freud compare conscious awareness to?

The tip of the iceberg Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of consciousness according to Freud?

Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious Signup and view all the answers

What does the preconscious level consist of?

Content that is not currently in awareness but can be brought to awareness Signup and view all the answers

How did Freud believe human behavior was primarily influenced?

By unconscious processes Signup and view all the answers

What role do unconscious conflicts play in Freud's psychodynamic theory?

They can result in psychological distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the superego according to Freud's theory?

It internalizes societal values and standards Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is most associated with agreeable people?

Swearing less often Signup and view all the answers

In which type of environment do people open to experience spend more time?

Restaurants, bars, and coffee shops Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is associated with spending more time arguing?

Neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason why acquaintances might judge a person's behavior more accurately than the person themselves?

Acquaintances are less biased in self-perception Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait's judgment accuracy is typically low in observability but high in evaluativeness?

Agreeableness Signup and view all the answers

When are friends' ratings more accurate than self-ratings?

For traits high in observability and low in evaluativeness Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is commonly associated with conscientious people according to the EAR?

Attending class more frequently Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the Big Five trait of extraversion predict according to the EAR?

Talking more Signup and view all the answers