40 Questions
What is the Jesuit maxim that relates to the concept of personality development?
Give me a child until he is seven, and I will show you the man.
What is the primary goal of clinical psychology in relation to personality development?
To help people change important aspects of their lives
What type of change do personality traits undergo over the life span?
Developmental change
What is the relationship between age and personality change?
Most personality changes occur between ages 20 and 40
What is the impact of international travel on personality development?
It hastens increased maturation
What is the typical direction of change in extraversion across the life span?
It decreases
What is the likely explanation for the changes in personality traits observed in bereaved caregivers?
The experience of bereavement and caregiving leads to positive personality changes
What is the likely age range for the greatest amount of personality change?
20-40
What was the main reason for the emergence of the Humanistic Perspective in psychology according to Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?
To offer an alternative to the dehumanizing ideas in Behaviorism and the dysfunctional view in Psychodynamic thought
Which of the following did Maslow include at the top of his hierarchy of needs?
Self-actualization and self-transcendence
Carl Rogers' therapeutic technique primarily focused on what key aspect?
Creating a supportive and accepting environment
What is NOT one of the conditions that Rogers believed facilitated personal growth?
Critical judgment
According to Humanistic approaches, what is the focus of studying personality?
Emphasizing how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding
Which attribute is typically associated with a self-actualizing person in Maslow's hierarchy?
Being self-aware and self-accepting
Which approach emphasizes studying healthy people rather than those with mental health problems?
The Humanistic Perspective
What does Carl Rogers' concept of 'Unconditional Positive Regard' entail?
Acknowledging feelings without passing judgment
Which method focuses on individual lives and unique personal characteristics?
Idiographic approaches
What is a typical benefit of experimental design in personality research?
It rules out baseline differences between groups
In what type of societies might individual differences be highlighted?
Individualistic societies
What does the nomothetic approach use to compare people?
A universal metric for all people
Which personality factor showed an increase in the experimental group?
Openness to experience
What consistency is found in sex differences in personality?
They align with common sex stereotypes
How do idiographic approaches measure personality?
By focusing on metrics unique to each individual
Which research finding highlights the universality of the Big Five personality factors?
Cross-cultural research
What is a key component of psychodynamic theories of personality?
The interaction between unconscious and conscious processes
According to Freud, what does the unconscious level contain?
Material that the mind cannot easily retrieve
What did Freud compare conscious awareness to?
The tip of the iceberg
What are the three levels of consciousness according to Freud?
Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
What does the preconscious level consist of?
Content that is not currently in awareness but can be brought to awareness
How did Freud believe human behavior was primarily influenced?
By unconscious processes
What role do unconscious conflicts play in Freud's psychodynamic theory?
They can result in psychological distress
Which of the following best describes the superego according to Freud's theory?
It internalizes societal values and standards
Which of the following behaviors is most associated with agreeable people?
Swearing less often
In which type of environment do people open to experience spend more time?
Restaurants, bars, and coffee shops
Which personality trait is associated with spending more time arguing?
Neuroticism
What is a common reason why acquaintances might judge a person's behavior more accurately than the person themselves?
Acquaintances are less biased in self-perception
Which personality trait's judgment accuracy is typically low in observability but high in evaluativeness?
Agreeableness
When are friends' ratings more accurate than self-ratings?
For traits high in observability and low in evaluativeness
What behavior is commonly associated with conscientious people according to the EAR?
Attending class more frequently
What aspect does the Big Five trait of extraversion predict according to the EAR?
Talking more
Explore the principles of psychodynamic theory, which emphasizes the role of unconscious forces and dynamic processes in shaping human behavior and personality. Learn about the interactive relationship between conscious and unconscious processes.
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