Podcast
Questions and Answers
Personality is thought to be ________. (Select one)
According to Freud, the devil is similar to the __________, and it operates on the principle of _________. (Select one)
According to Freud, Janine is suffering from a fixation at the __________ stage of development. (Select one)
The Oedipus complex occurs in the ________ stage of psychosexual development, when the ______ is the genital area. (Select one)
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Which of the following psychologists is not a Neo-Freudian? (Select one)
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Self-regulation is also known as ________, and was studied in the __________. (Select one)
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Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________. (Select one)
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___________ refers to one's confidence about his or her ability, and this concept was first proposed by __________. (Select one)
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According to Rotter's expectancy theory, a person's decision to engage in a behavior is determined by what the person expects to happen following the behavior and by (Select one)
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Eddie is probably low on __________, but high on ____________. (Select one)
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Which question was central to the marshmallow test? (Select one)
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As a field, social psychology focuses on ________ in predicting human behavior. (Select one)
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If Ogun is making the __________ attributional error, he is most likely to think that _________. (Select one)
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Which of the following statement is correct? (Select one)
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Which two psychologists conducted the Stanford prisoner study and cognitive dissonance study? (Select one)
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The persuasiveness of the message can be influenced by all of the following except ___________. (Select one)
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According to cognitive dissonance theory, Ed will later report that experiment was __________, and Julie will report that it was __________. (Select one)
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Examples of cues used in peripheral route persuasion include all of the following except ________. (Select one)
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We tend to conform to the majority opinion in the group. Which of the following technique can be used to reduce conformity? (Select one)
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This phenomenon is best described as __________. (Select one)
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Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions, but do not feel the passion they had when they just met. Their love is called ________. (Select one)
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Which of the following statement is incorrect? (Select one)
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If group members modify their opinions to align with a perceived group consensus, then ________ has occurred. (Select one)
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Study Notes
Personality
- Personality is considered long-term, stable, and not easily changed.
Freud's Concepts
- In cartoons, the devil symbolizes the id, operating on the principle of pleasure.
- A character's fixation on behaviors like smoking and nail-biting indicates issues during the oral stage of development.
- The Oedipus complex is present during the phallic stage of psychosexual development, with the genital area as the focus.
Neo-Freudians
- Hans Eysenck is not classified as a Neo-Freudian. Notable Neo-Freudians include Karen Horney and Carl Jung.
Self-Regulation
- Self-regulation, often referred to as willpower, was examined in the marshmallow study, illustrating delayed gratification.
Personality Dimensions
- Hans and Sybil Eysenck identified two key personality dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
Self-Efficacy
- Self-efficacy, defined as confidence in one's abilities, was proposed by Albert Bandura.
Rotter's Expectancy Theory
- According to this theory, a person’s behavior decisions depend on expected outcomes and their value.
Emotional Stability and Neuroticism
- Emotional stability contrasts with neuroticism. Individuals high in emotional stability handle stress calmly.
Marshmallow Test
- The primary question of the marshmallow test assesses the ability to resist immediate rewards for greater future benefits.
Social Psychology
- Social psychology emphasizes situational factors over personality traits, genetic predispositions, or biological forces for predicting behavior.
Attribution Errors
- The fundamental attribution error leads individuals to judge others based on perceived character rather than situational factors.
Cultural Influences on Attribution
- Individuals from individualistic cultures are more prone to use internal attribution when assessing behavior.
Stanford Studies
- Philip Zimbardo conducted the Stanford prison study, while Leon Festinger is known for cognitive dissonance studies.
Persuasiveness
- Message effectiveness can be influenced by the credibility of the speaker, the audience's age and gender, but not self-esteem.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
- Cognitive dissonance explains that Ed will report the experiment as exciting due to lower compensation, while Julie will find it boring despite higher compensation.
Peripheral Route Persuasion
- Peripheral cues, excluding factual information, impact persuasion; common examples include celebrity endorsements and attractive models.
Conformity Reduction Techniques
- Making private responses can help reduce conformity within a group.
Prejudice
- Prejudice is illustrated when one negative interaction shapes a general dislike towards a whole group, such as all Canadians.
Types of Love
- Compassionate love occurs when intimacy exists without passion, evident in long-term relationships.
Women's Preferences in Relationships
- Women prioritize intelligence more than men in marriages, particularly for resourceful partners.
Groupthink
- Groupthink occurs when group members align opinions to match perceived group consensus, potentially hindering independent thought.
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Description
Explore the fundamental principles of personality psychology, including Freud's concepts, Neo-Freudians, and self-regulation theories. This quiz covers key figures, theories, and experiments that shape our understanding of personality development and behavior. Challenge your knowledge of terms such as self-efficacy and personality dimensions.