Psychology of Will (Volition)

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Questions and Answers

Match the following components of volition with their descriptions:

Strength of will = Degree of effort needed to achieve a goal Volitional effort = Conscious management of activities Free choice = Making decisions without external constraints Obstacles = Challenges faced in achieving goals

Match the types of obstacles with their definitions:

External obstacles = Obstacles not dependent on the individual Internal obstacles = Obstacles dependent on personal desires Volitional actions = Conscious efforts to overcome obstacles Unconscious actions = Responses driven by external stimuli

Match the main objectives of volition with their purposes:

Overcoming difficulties = Using effort to navigate challenges Making free choices = Choosing actions based on personal values Managing behavior = Controlling one's actions in different contexts Achieving goals = Reaching personal or professional objectives

Match the types of activity in psychology with their characteristics:

Play = Expression of individual's attitude to reality Learning = Gaining knowledge and developing skills Creativity = Generating novel ideas and solutions Work = Structured activity towards a tangible outcome Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to activity with their meanings:

Dynamic system = Interaction of the individual with the environment Inner activity = Psychic processes affecting behavior Outer activity = Physical actions taken in the world Final result = Outcome of the performed actions Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of volitional actions with their descriptions:

Consciousness of goal = Awareness of the significance of the aim Complexity = Varied challenges in overcoming obstacles Significance of the goal = The importance influencing effort levels Persistence = Continuous effort despite difficulties Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of play activity with their features:

Expressiveness = Reflection of personal attitudes Reproducing = Imitating experiences through engagement Self-knowledge = Understanding oneself through play Social interaction = Engaging with others through activities Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples of volitional actions with their sources:

Running from a dog = External trigger causing action Studying for an exam = Internal motivation to succeed Climbing a tree = Response to immediate threat Choosing a career = Result of purposeful decision-making Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

Labour = Activity aimed at creating material and spiritual values Motive = Stable internal psychological cause of actions Motivation = Factor that directs and energizes behavior Volitional actions = Actions induced by internal or external motives Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of motives with their respective categories:

Physiological motives = Hunger and thirst Personal motives = Affiliation and competition Primary motives = Organic needs like sleep Secondary motives = Individual interests and social status Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychological concepts with their relevant focus areas:

Needs = Basic requirements driving behavior Emotions = Feelings influencing actions Interests = Personal preferences shaping motivation Beliefs = Worldview influencing decisions Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of human development with their corresponding activities:

Learning tasks = Teaching responsibility Observing discipline = Maintaining order in education Preparing lessons = Facilitating knowledge transfer Completing assignments = Engaging in self-directed learning Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples given with their corresponding motive categories:

Desire for knowledge = Primary motive for a dissertation writer Social status achievement = Secondary motive for a dissertation writer Hunger = Physiological primary motive Competition = Social secondary motive Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychological aspects to their definitions:

Worldview = Collection of beliefs influencing motivations Inclinations = Tendencies toward certain behaviors Feelings = Emotional responses affecting actions Values = Standards guiding personal choices Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychological terms with their basic characteristics:

Conscious behavior = Actions performed with awareness Unconscious behavior = Actions driven by hidden motives Volitional actions = Intentional actions based on motives Instinctual behavior = Actions performed without thought Signup and view all the answers

Match the following categories of motives with their relevant examples:

Primary motives = Biological needs like sleep Secondary motives = Social ambitions and individual goals Intrinsic motives = Personal fulfillment and curiosity Extrinsic motives = Rewards and recognition Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Will (Volition)

Will is the mental process that aids in consciously managing activities and overcoming difficulties to achieve goals.
Strength of will refers to the necessary degree of volitional effort required to accomplish any objective.
Main objectives of volition include:
- Overcoming obstacles.
- Making free choices in decision-making.
- Managing behavior.

Types of Obstacles

Obstacles are categorized into:
- External: Not dependent on the individual (e.g., getting late due to bus breakdown).
- Internal: Dependent on personal desires or actions (e.g., oversleeping).
Actions influenced primarily by external causes lack volitional status, such as fleeing from a dog.

Characteristics of Volitional Actions

Essential feature of volitional actions is the conscious recognition of the goal's significance.
Greater importance of a goal results in overcoming more obstacles.
Volitional actions vary in complexity and awareness.

Activity in Psychology

Activity is the dynamic interaction of individuals with their environment.
Human interaction is based on outcomes derived from both inner psychological and outer physical activities.
Represents an individual's attitude towards the surrounding world.

Main Types of Activity

Play:
- A form of activity reflecting one's attitude towards reality.
- Assists in self-discovery and understanding others through the environment.
Learning:
- Focuses on acquiring knowledge, skills, and abilities.
- Distinct from play; involves completing tasks, preparation, and discipline, fostering responsibility.
Labour:
- Activity aimed at creating tangible and intangible values.
- Foundation of human development, requiring translation of ideas and skills into reality.

Motive

Defined as a stable psychological cause driving behavior and actions.
Two primary groups of motives exist:
- Main: Primary reasons for actions.
- Secondary: Additional motivations that may not always be as influential.
Motives change depending on context and individual perception (e.g., pursuing knowledge vs. social status).

Types of Motives

Physiological Motives: Basic needs such as hunger and thirst.
Personal/Social Motives: Include competition, affiliation, and individual goals.

Motivation

Acts as a guiding factor that energizes human behavior.
Provides direction and purpose, working at both conscious and unconscious levels.

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