Psychology of Motivation: Understanding Behavior

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What is the primary objective of the psychology of Motivation in regards to behavior?

To analyze the role of the environment in shaping behavior

To understand the internal processes that give behavior energy, direction, and persistence (correct)

To identify the different types of needs that influence behavior

To explain how behavior varies in its intensity

What are the three elements of directedness, persistence, and initiation in the motivational process?

Energy, direction, and persistence (correct)

Initiation, continuation, and termination

Internal drives, external stimuli, and environmental cues

Goal-setting, goal-striving, and goal-achievement

According to Heckhausen and Rheinberg (1980), what is the fundamental interaction that underlies motivation?

Between the person and the situation (correct)

Between the person and their goals

Between cognitive and emotional processes

Between internal drives and external stimuli

What type of needs are inherent within the workings of biological systems?

Physiological needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which behavior is sustained over time and across situations?

Persistence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the internal processes that give behavior energy, direction, and persistence?

Motivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormone cortisol?

Associated with poor intellectual functioning, negative affect, and poor health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter pathway is associated with pleasure and reward?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cluster of neurons that communicate with other neurons by using one particular neurotransmitter?

Neurotransmitter pathway Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with the 'test and befriend stress response'?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of avoiding certain feelings or situations due to their negative emotional content?

Behavioral escape strategy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an all-encompassing theory that seeks to explain the full range of motivated action?

Grand theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of negative feedback in the context of homeostasis?

To stop or end a drive or motivation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of drive theories?

They do not account for external sources of motivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between allostasis and homeostasis?

Allostasis maintains a dynamic balance, whereas homeostasis maintains a static balance Signup and view all the answers

According to the incentive theory, what is the primary function of an incentive?

To direct approach or avoidance behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of expectancies in the incentive theory?

To form associations between environmental objects and pain or pleasure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle of hedonism in the context of motivation?

Organisms approach signals of pleasure and avoid signals of pain Signup and view all the answers