Psychology of Motivation: Understanding Behavior

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of the psychology of Motivation in regards to behavior?

  • To analyze the role of the environment in shaping behavior
  • To understand the internal processes that give behavior energy, direction, and persistence (correct)
  • To identify the different types of needs that influence behavior
  • To explain how behavior varies in its intensity

What are the three elements of directedness, persistence, and initiation in the motivational process?

  • Energy, direction, and persistence (correct)
  • Initiation, continuation, and termination
  • Internal drives, external stimuli, and environmental cues
  • Goal-setting, goal-striving, and goal-achievement

According to Heckhausen and Rheinberg (1980), what is the fundamental interaction that underlies motivation?

  • Between the person and the situation (correct)
  • Between the person and their goals
  • Between cognitive and emotional processes
  • Between internal drives and external stimuli

What type of needs are inherent within the workings of biological systems?

<p>Physiological needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which behavior is sustained over time and across situations?

<p>Persistence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the internal processes that give behavior energy, direction, and persistence?

<p>Motivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormone cortisol?

<p>Associated with poor intellectual functioning, negative affect, and poor health outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter pathway is associated with pleasure and reward?

<p>Dopamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cluster of neurons that communicate with other neurons by using one particular neurotransmitter?

<p>Neurotransmitter pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with the 'test and befriend stress response'?

<p>Oxytocin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of avoiding certain feelings or situations due to their negative emotional content?

<p>Behavioral escape strategy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an all-encompassing theory that seeks to explain the full range of motivated action?

<p>Grand theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of negative feedback in the context of homeostasis?

<p>To stop or end a drive or motivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of drive theories?

<p>They do not account for external sources of motivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between allostasis and homeostasis?

<p>Allostasis maintains a dynamic balance, whereas homeostasis maintains a static balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the incentive theory, what is the primary function of an incentive?

<p>To direct approach or avoidance behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of expectancies in the incentive theory?

<p>To form associations between environmental objects and pain or pleasure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle of hedonism in the context of motivation?

<p>Organisms approach signals of pleasure and avoid signals of pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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