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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the process of transferring sensory information into memory?
What is the capacity of long-term memory?
According to the dual coding hypothesis, what is easier to remember?
What is the term for the process of retrieving information from long-term memory?
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What is the term for the changing of memories every time we retrieve them?
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Who argued that children aren't miniature adults and actively construct their understanding of the world?
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What is the term for the problem of 2 pieces of information interfering with each other in memory?
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What is the term for the ability to solve well-defined and ill-defined problems?
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What type of support involves sharing information with others or giving advice?
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What is the term for a person's social position in society?
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What occurs when an individual cannot carry out all the obligations of a particular status?
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What type of groups are characterized by close, personal relationships and a sense of belonging?
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Who studied the nature of people's interactions and developed the dramaturgical approach?
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What is the term for conflict between two different statuses?
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What type of support involves financial support, goods, or services?
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What is the term for groups that are formal and business-like, often formed to accomplish a specific task?
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What is macrosociology concerned with?
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What is the primary focus of microsociology?
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What is the role of social institutions in society?
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What is meant by the 'hidden curriculum' in education?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of social institution mentioned in the text?
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What is emphasized in the small nuclear family?
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What is a key aspect of social institutions, according to sociologists?
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Which three social institutions are mentioned as fundamental to society?
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What is a demographic structure that looks at different age groups?
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What percentage of the population is estimated to be above 65 by 2025?
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What is the term for a socially defined category based on physical differences between groups of people?
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What is the term for groups defined by shared language, religion, nationality, history, or other cultural factors?
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What is the term for the process of encouraging racial and ethnic variation?
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What is the term for the process of ascribing a racial identity to members of a racial group they didn't identify with?
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What can cause drastic events?
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What is the term for an age-based measurement that compares people above 65 not in the labour force to those who are?
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What is the primary focus of Conflict Theory in society?
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Who proposed that society is shaped by war and conquest, and cultural/ethnic conflicts?
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What is the central argument of Social Constructionism?
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What is the main criticism of Social Constructionism?
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What is the primary focus of Symbolic Interactionism?
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What is the main idea behind the stages of society proposed by Karl Marx?
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What is the main difference between weak and strong Social Constructionism?
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What is the role of social agreement in Social Constructionism?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Psychology
- Working memory: the information you're thinking about at the moment
- Dual coding hypothesis: easier to remember words associated with images than either one alone
- Long-term memory: unlimited capacity, 2 main categories: explicit (declarative) and implicit (non-declarative)
- Encoding: transferring sensory information into memory
- Retrieval Cues: anytime you pull something out of long-term memory, you're engaging in retrieval
- Memory Reconstruction: brain doesn't save memories exactly, changing them in small ways each time we retrieve them
- Long Term Potentiation and Synaptic Plasticity: strengthens connections between neurons
- Decay and Interference: problems that can occur in memory retrieval
Cognitive Development and Problem Solving
- Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development: children construct their understanding of the world as they grow
- Problem Solving: we are excellent problem solvers, with well-defined and ill-defined problems
Social Interactions and Support
- Social Support: major determinant of health and well-being, with four types: esteem, informational, tangible, and companionship support
- Status: social position in society, with multiple statuses affecting interactions
- Role Strain and Role Conflict: tensions within or between statuses
- Primary and Secondary Groups: close relationships (primary) vs. formal and business-like relationships (secondary)
Macrosociology and Social Institutions
- Macrosociology: large-scale perspective, looking at big phenomena that affect a large part of the population
- Microsociology: face-to-face interactions, families, schools, and other social interactions
- Social Institutions: essential parts of society, guiding individual behavior
- Education, Family, and Religion: fundamental institutions shaping society and individuals
Conflict Theory and Social Constructionism
- Conflict Theory: focuses on inequalities between groups in society
- Social Constructionism: argues that people actively shape their reality through social interactions
- Symbolic Interactionism: takes a small-scale view of society, focusing on everyday interactions
Demographics and Demographic Structure of Society
- Age Cohorts: groups of people living through the same events in a certain time period
- Demographic Structure of Society: looks at different age groups and their impact on society
- Race and Ethnicity: socially defined categories, with racial formation theory looking at forces resulting in racially constructed identities
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of memory, including working memory, the dual coding hypothesis, and long-term memory. Learn about the different stages and types of memory!
