Psychology of Low Back Pain

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What is the common and costly condition being investigated in the present study?

Anxiety disorders

Depression

Chronic anger

Low back pain (correct)

What was the purpose of the screening measure used in the study?

To measure anger regulation

To assess risk for developing chronic pain (correct)

To diagnose LBP

To evaluate physical therapy effectiveness

What was the duration of treatment in the study?

Six weeks

Four weeks (correct)

Two weeks

Eight weeks

What was the outcome of the hierarchical agglomerative clustering procedures?

Patients were divided into High and Low Distress groups Signup and view all the answers

What was found to predict disability post-treatment?

General psychosocial distress Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the High Distress group?

Higher baseline measures of pain, disability, and impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the findings regarding anger in LBP treatment?

Anger is part of generalized negative affect Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of continued research in screening for psychosocial prognostic indicators in LBP?

To develop more comprehensive patient care Signup and view all the answers

What is the state-trait matching hypothesis related to anger management?

The suggestion that managing anger reduces anger arousal and negative physiological effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of multivariate clinical prediction rules (CPR’s) in physical therapy settings?

To identify subgroups of LBP patients Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of published CPR’s for LBP patients?

They do not incorporate thorough psychosocial assessment Signup and view all the answers

What is the STarT tool used for?

To identify LBP patients at risk for chronic pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of anger in the development of functional impairment?

Anger has clinical and theoretical importance in the development of functional impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the study involving the STarT screening tool?

To investigate the role of anger regulation in physical therapy settings Signup and view all the answers

What was the procedure for participant recruitment in the study?

Licensed physical therapists invited potential participants Signup and view all the answers

What was the duration of the physical therapy treatment plan in the study?

4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Why were patients assigned to therapists based on their availability prior to study recruitment?

To limit potential biases for treatment implementation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the STarT Back Screening Tool?

To screen for prognostic indicators and subdivide patients based on their risk for an unfavorable treatment outcome Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)?

0 to 10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)?

To measure the functional status of patients with low back pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)?

To measure several dimensions of anger experience and regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the alpha value of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)?

0.88 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)?

To measure depression in medical settings Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)?

To assess catastrophic cognitions related to low back pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the sample size required for cluster analyses in this study?

N = 80-100 Signup and view all the answers

Why did physical therapists not interpret or review standardized measures employed in the study?

To avoid compromising the standard of care for patients Signup and view all the answers

According to the study, how many participants did not complete the informed consent procedures?

8.7% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of participants reported pain for 90 days or less?

50.0% Signup and view all the answers

What was the average number of physical therapy sessions completed at the 4-week follow-up?

6.82 Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant relationship found between the presence of low back pain history and STarT risk grouping?

Low back pain history was more likely in the High Risk group Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anger variables significantly differed among the risk groups?

Anger Control Signup and view all the answers

What was the strongest relationship found between the psychosocial predictors and the dependent variables?

Between bothersomeness and pain intensity Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analyses?

A two-group division of patients based on psychosocial risk factors Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of participants reported a prior history of LBP?

54.4% Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant relationship found between sex and the dependent variables?

Women reported higher pain intensity scores Signup and view all the answers

What did the correlations between psychosocial predictors and the dependent variables show?

Psychosocial symptoms did not predict pain intensity ratings Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified in the discriminant function analysis?

96.9% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures was not found to be related to risk grouping in the study?

Pain Interference Index Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the sample reported having subacute low back pain?

Two-thirds Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor in predicting disability at the 4-week follow-up evaluation?

Psychosocial constructs Signup and view all the answers

What was the average percentile of trait anger in the sample?

35th Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of anger focuses on the appropriate management of situational anger?

Anger control Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the chi-square tests in the study?

A highly significant relationship between the two-group cluster grouping and scores on the STarT measure Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of using the STarT measure in the study?

To identify patients who may need a more multidisciplinary approach to address both psychological and physical factors Signup and view all the answers

What was the main difference between the two groups found in the study?

The group with lower psychosocial scores had lower disability scores and lower pain intensity Signup and view all the answers

What was the implication of the study's results for pain management?

Identifying those with significant distress may help single out patients who would truly benefit from multidisciplinary treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the study in terms of financial burden?

The financial burden of chronic LBP patients Signup and view all the answers

What did the study find regarding anger variables?

Anger variables did not carry as much weight in dividing patient groups as other psychosocial variables Signup and view all the answers

What is true about patient-rated disability in the study?

Patient-rated disability had a stronger association with risk grouping than performance-based impairment Signup and view all the answers

What limitation of the study is mentioned?

The study did not evaluate psychological treatment history or psychiatric diagnoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the multifactorial nature of low back pain related to?

The difficulty in predicting chronic LBP Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a potential application of the study's findings?

Improving treatment of LBP in different patient populations at risk for developing chronic pain Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the study's sample?

The sample was representative of physical therapy clinics and had similar disability scores to other studies Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a potential benefit of screening measures?

Guiding practice in physical therapy treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a potential factor in the development of chronic LBP?

Emotional distress Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a potential treatment approach?

Multidisciplinary treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following psychological factors has predictive value for functioning and severity of pain experience?

Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the questionnaire used to capture patient-rated disability?

Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor in understanding and addressing chronic musculoskeletal pain?

Fear-avoidance model Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with the experience of chronic pain and self-reported disability?

Negative affectivity Signup and view all the answers

What did the study find regarding the relationship between psychosocial symptoms and pain severity?

A strong correlation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tool used to identify patient subgroups for initial treatment?

Primary care back pain screening tool Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the scale used in assessing anger expression in chronic pain patients?

Anger Expression Scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fear-avoidance beliefs in acute low back pain?

It is a predictor of current and future disability and work status Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of brief psychosocial education in low back pain?

It reduces the incidence of low back pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between psychosocial predictors and outcome variables?

There is a strong correlation Signup and view all the answers