Topics 1-7 Psychology of Learning
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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of KSA in the context of psychology of learning?

Knowledge, skills, and attitudes

Which of the following is NOT a key framework in the psychology of learning?

  • Cognitive Learning
  • Operant Conditioning
  • Social Psychology (correct)
  • Classical Conditioning

    • Learning involves permanent changes that endure over time.

    True

    What are the three main criteria that define learning?

    <p>Involves changes, endures over time, occurs through experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biological maturation plays a significant role in learning to speak a language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of experimental methods in the psychology of learning?

    <p>To establish cause and effect relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of experiment involves a controlled environment with less emphasis on real-world application?

    <p>Lab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A double-blind experiment refers to a study where both the participants and the researchers are unaware of the treatment conditions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ethical considerations is NOT relevant when conducting research involving human participants?

    <p>Animal welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary learning mechanism associated with classical conditioning?

    <p>Association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus leading to a conditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key principle of operant conditioning?

    <p>Behavior is shaped by consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following learning theories with their respective founders:

    <p>Classical Conditioning = Ivan Pavlov Operant Conditioning = B.F. Skinner Connectionism = Edward Thorndike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connectionism emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in learning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between classical and operant conditioning?

    <p>Classical conditioning focuses on involuntary behaviors triggered by stimuli, while operant conditioning deals with voluntary behaviors shaped by consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of behaviorism in relation to learning?

    <p>Behaviorism focuses on observable and measurable behaviors rather than internal mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Law of Effect states that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Thorndike's puzzle box experiment in the context of connectionism?

    <p>It demonstrates trial-and-error learning through successful and unsuccessful responses, leading to the formation of connections between stimuli and responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common application of classical conditioning in therapy?

    <p>Phobia treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Operant conditioning is a passive learning process where the learner is simply responding to stimuli.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary distinction between the learning processes in classical conditioning and connectionism?

    <p>Classical conditioning involves passive learning through stimulus pairings, while connectionism relies on active trial-and-error learning and the formation of S-R connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connectionism is a relatively passive learning process that does not involve active practice or effort.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychology of Learning - Topic 1-7

    • Psychology of learning is a branch of psychology focusing on how individuals acquire, process, and retain knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors (KSAs).
    • It explores observable behaviors and internal learning processes.
    • Key learning frameworks include Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Connectionism, Behaviorism, Social Learning, and Cognitive Learning.
    • Learning is differentiated between rationalism and empiricism.

    Criteria of Learning

    • Learning involves observable changes in behavior. Examples include mastering new skills like bike riding.
    • Learning persists over time, not temporary, like due to mood fluctuations. This is demonstrated in learning skills like cycling or swimming.
    • Learning comes from experience, interacting with the environment. Language acquisition, reinforced by practice and exposure, rather than solely by age, is an example.

    Experimental Methods

    • Experimental methods are used to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
    • Various methods (lab, field, natural, quasi) are used to assess learning.
    • Research involves specific steps including identifying the problem, formulating hypotheses (null and alternative), designing methodology, collecting data, analyzing data, interpreting findings, and reporting results.
    • Eight steps in the experimental process: developing hypotheses, creating operational definitions of independent (IV) and dependent variables (DV), randomly sampling participants, randomly assigning control and treatment groups, controlling confounding variables (using single-blind or double-blind), learning IV impacing on DV.
    • Conducting statistical analysis to find the relationship between variables.

    Key Concepts with Examples

    • Classical Conditioning: Learning occurs through associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response. An example includes a bell tone before recess eventually triggering excitement in pupils.

    • Operant Conditioning: Learning through consequences of behaviors, which can increase or decrease their likelihood. For example, receiving praise (positive reinforcement) for answering questions correctly motivates future participation.

    • Connectionism: Learning through trial and error, with successful responses being reinforced and unsuccessful ones decreasing. A cat escaping and getting food by pressing a lever is an example.

    • Behaviorism: Focusing on observable behaviors, emphasizing the environmental impact on behavior. A teacher using a token system to reward good classroom behavior demonstrates this idea.

    Classical, Operant, and Connectionist Summary Table

    • Founder: Ivan Pavlov (Classical), B.F. Skinner (Operant), Edward Thorndike (Connectionism)
    • Key Mechanism: Stimulus pairing (Classical), reinforcement/punishment (Operant), trial and error (Connectionism)
    • Type of behaviour: Involuntary/reflexive (Classical), Voluntary (Operant), both reflexive and voluntary (Connectionism)
    • Role of reinforcement: Indirect (Classical), Central (Operant), Critical (Connectionism)
    • Focus of learning: Stimulus-response (Classical), Behavior-consequences (Operant), Neural Connection (Connectionism)
    • Cognitive involvement: Minimal (Classical), Moderate (Operant), Implicit (Connectionism)
    • Example: Dogs salivating at a bell, classroom management, and a cat learning in a puzzle box, respectively.
    • Extinction: Weakening of the conditioned response (Classical). Removal of reinforcement (Operant). Loss of connection without repetition/practice (Connectionism).
    • Application: Phobia therapy (Classical), classroom management/behaviour shaping (Operant), problem-solving and skills development (Connectionism).
    • Learning Process: Passive (responses occur following stimulus) (Classical), Active (behavior shapes learning environment) (Operant) and trial-and-error, habit learning (Connectionism)

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    Related Documents

    KMY2043 Psychology of Learning Revision Notes PDF

    Description

    1. Intro to psychology of learning
    2. Research methods
    3. Connection 4, Classical conditioning
    4. Behaviourism
    5. Operant conditioning
    6. Classical conditioning VS Operanr conditioning

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