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Questions and Answers
What is the learning process involved in operant behavior called?
Which term refers to the development of a new behavior by reinforcing closer approximations?
What is the first step in the IDEA OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION process?
Which of the following is NOT a step recommended for teachers when changing student behavior?
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What do teachers in classrooms usually do when they cannot follow all the ABAB steps of behavior modification?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of learning?
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What should teachers do when planning a specific intervention to change a behavior?
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Which principle did Aristotle consider the most important for explaining learning by association?
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What is the term used to describe the reappearance of a behavior after it has been extinguished?
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What is the process called when a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli similar to the original discriminative stimulus?
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What is an example of stimulus discrimination?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a guideline for applying classical conditioning?
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Study Notes
Operant Conditioning
- Operant behavior is a deliberate action that affects the environment and leads to consequences.
- The learning process involved in operant behavior is called operant conditioning.
Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence
- A behavior is influenced by antecedents (preceding environmental factors) and consequences (following environmental factors).
Shaping
- Shaping is the development of a new behavior by reinforcing closer approximations and extinguishing preceding approximations of the behavior.
Behavior Modification
- Behavior modification is the application of behavioral learning principles to change behavior.
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is used to change inappropriate or ineffective classroom behaviors.
ABAB Design
- The ABAB design is used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention:
- A: Take a baseline measurement of the behavior
- B: Apply the intervention
- A: Stop the intervention to see if the behavior returns to the baseline level
- B: Reintroduce the intervention
Implementing Behavior Modification in Classrooms
- Clearly specify the behavior to be changed and the goal.
- Observe and note the current level of the behavior.
- Plan a specific intervention using antecedents, consequences, or both.
- Keep track of the results and modify the plan if necessary.
Learning
- Learning is a relatively permanent change in an individual's knowledge, behavior, or potential for behavior.
Behavioral Views of Learning
- Aristotle's principles of association include similarity, contrast, and contiguity.
- Contiguity is the most important principle, as it is included in all explanations of learning by association.
Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery
- Extinction: a behavior that has been reinforced for a period of time is no longer reinforced, and the behavior stops occurring.
- Spontaneous Recovery: the behavior may occur again even after it has not occurred for some time.
Stimulus Generalization and Stimulus Discrimination
- Stimulus Generalization: a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the discriminative stimulus.
- Stimulus Discrimination: the ability to distinguish between similar stimuli, such as recognizing the sounds of different letters in the alphabet.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the behavioral views of learning in educational psychology. Explore the concept of learning as a relatively permanent change in an individual's knowledge, behavior, or potential for behavior. Learn about Aristotle's principles of remembering based on similarity, contrast, and contiguity.
