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Questions and Answers
What is the learning process involved in operant behavior called?
What is the learning process involved in operant behavior called?
- Social learning
- Operant conditioning (correct)
- Classical conditioning
- Cognitive learning
Which term refers to the development of a new behavior by reinforcing closer approximations?
Which term refers to the development of a new behavior by reinforcing closer approximations?
- Behavioral analysis
- Behavior modification
- Operant shaping (correct)
- Classical shaping
What is the first step in the IDEA OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION process?
What is the first step in the IDEA OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION process?
- Stop the intervention
- Take a baseline measurement of the behavior (correct)
- Reintroduce the intervention
- Apply the intervention
Which of the following is NOT a step recommended for teachers when changing student behavior?
Which of the following is NOT a step recommended for teachers when changing student behavior?
What do teachers in classrooms usually do when they cannot follow all the ABAB steps of behavior modification?
What do teachers in classrooms usually do when they cannot follow all the ABAB steps of behavior modification?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of learning?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of learning?
What should teachers do when planning a specific intervention to change a behavior?
What should teachers do when planning a specific intervention to change a behavior?
Which principle did Aristotle consider the most important for explaining learning by association?
Which principle did Aristotle consider the most important for explaining learning by association?
What is the term used to describe the reappearance of a behavior after it has been extinguished?
What is the term used to describe the reappearance of a behavior after it has been extinguished?
What is the process called when a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli similar to the original discriminative stimulus?
What is the process called when a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli similar to the original discriminative stimulus?
What is an example of stimulus discrimination?
What is an example of stimulus discrimination?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a guideline for applying classical conditioning?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a guideline for applying classical conditioning?
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Study Notes
Operant Conditioning
- Operant behavior is a deliberate action that affects the environment and leads to consequences.
- The learning process involved in operant behavior is called operant conditioning.
Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence
- A behavior is influenced by antecedents (preceding environmental factors) and consequences (following environmental factors).
Shaping
- Shaping is the development of a new behavior by reinforcing closer approximations and extinguishing preceding approximations of the behavior.
Behavior Modification
- Behavior modification is the application of behavioral learning principles to change behavior.
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is used to change inappropriate or ineffective classroom behaviors.
ABAB Design
- The ABAB design is used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention:
- A: Take a baseline measurement of the behavior
- B: Apply the intervention
- A: Stop the intervention to see if the behavior returns to the baseline level
- B: Reintroduce the intervention
Implementing Behavior Modification in Classrooms
- Clearly specify the behavior to be changed and the goal.
- Observe and note the current level of the behavior.
- Plan a specific intervention using antecedents, consequences, or both.
- Keep track of the results and modify the plan if necessary.
Learning
- Learning is a relatively permanent change in an individual's knowledge, behavior, or potential for behavior.
Behavioral Views of Learning
- Aristotle's principles of association include similarity, contrast, and contiguity.
- Contiguity is the most important principle, as it is included in all explanations of learning by association.
Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery
- Extinction: a behavior that has been reinforced for a period of time is no longer reinforced, and the behavior stops occurring.
- Spontaneous Recovery: the behavior may occur again even after it has not occurred for some time.
Stimulus Generalization and Stimulus Discrimination
- Stimulus Generalization: a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the discriminative stimulus.
- Stimulus Discrimination: the ability to distinguish between similar stimuli, such as recognizing the sounds of different letters in the alphabet.
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