Educational Psychology: Behavioral Views of Learning Quiz

12 Questions

What is the learning process involved in operant behavior called?

Operant conditioning

Which term refers to the development of a new behavior by reinforcing closer approximations?

Operant shaping

What is the first step in the IDEA OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION process?

Take a baseline measurement of the behavior

Which of the following is NOT a step recommended for teachers when changing student behavior?

Implement punishment as the primary technique

What do teachers in classrooms usually do when they cannot follow all the ABAB steps of behavior modification?

Specify the behavior and goal clearly

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of learning?

It always results in positive outcomes.

What should teachers do when planning a specific intervention to change a behavior?

Keep track of results and modify the plan if necessary

Which principle did Aristotle consider the most important for explaining learning by association?

Contiguity

What is the term used to describe the reappearance of a behavior after it has been extinguished?

Spontaneous recovery

What is the process called when a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli similar to the original discriminative stimulus?

Stimulus generalization

What is an example of stimulus discrimination?

Recognizing the word "dog" when seeing the letters D O G

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a guideline for applying classical conditioning?

Ensure the behavior is intentional

Study Notes

Operant Conditioning

Operant behavior is a deliberate action that affects the environment and leads to consequences.
The learning process involved in operant behavior is called operant conditioning.

Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence

A behavior is influenced by antecedents (preceding environmental factors) and consequences (following environmental factors).

Shaping

Shaping is the development of a new behavior by reinforcing closer approximations and extinguishing preceding approximations of the behavior.

Behavior Modification

Behavior modification is the application of behavioral learning principles to change behavior.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is used to change inappropriate or ineffective classroom behaviors.

ABAB Design

The ABAB design is used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention:
- A: Take a baseline measurement of the behavior
- B: Apply the intervention
- A: Stop the intervention to see if the behavior returns to the baseline level
- B: Reintroduce the intervention

Implementing Behavior Modification in Classrooms

Clearly specify the behavior to be changed and the goal.
Observe and note the current level of the behavior.
Plan a specific intervention using antecedents, consequences, or both.
Keep track of the results and modify the plan if necessary.

Learning

Learning is a relatively permanent change in an individual's knowledge, behavior, or potential for behavior.

Behavioral Views of Learning

Aristotle's principles of association include similarity, contrast, and contiguity.
Contiguity is the most important principle, as it is included in all explanations of learning by association.

Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery

Extinction: a behavior that has been reinforced for a period of time is no longer reinforced, and the behavior stops occurring.
Spontaneous Recovery: the behavior may occur again even after it has not occurred for some time.

Stimulus Generalization and Stimulus Discrimination

Stimulus Generalization: a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the discriminative stimulus.
Stimulus Discrimination: the ability to distinguish between similar stimuli, such as recognizing the sounds of different letters in the alphabet.