36 Questions
What is a fundamental assumption of cognitive theories?
People are actively, mentally engaged in their own learning.
Which Gestalt principle states that objects that are close together are perceived as a unit?
Law of proximity
What do people often try to do when encountering new information?
Organize it
What is the primary focus of scientific inquiry in understanding learning?
Objective, systematic observations of people's behaviors
What is mentally occurring when people follow the law of closure?
They are mentally filling in missing pieces to form a complete picture.
According to cognitive theories, what is formed during the learning process?
Mental representations or associations
What is the main focus of the Information Processing Theory?
The specific ways in which people think about the information they receive from the environment
What is the term for the process of changing new information in some way to make it more memorable?
Encoding
Which of the following is NOT a type of knowledge stored in long-term memory?
Motivational knowledge
What is the term for the process of scanning all of working memory's contents until the desired information is found?
Retrieval
What is the term for the process of combining pieces of information in some way?
Chunking
What is the main difference between individual constructivism and social constructivism?
One focuses on the process of construction occurring separately within each learner, while the other focuses on people working together to create new knowledge
What is the term for the process of storing information for a period of time with great emphasis on the ability to recall the information at a later time?
Memory
What is the term for the process of repeating information to keep it alive in working memory?
Maintenance rehearsal
Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory storage?
Short-term memory
What is the term for the process of pulling together two or more pieces of information into an integrated unit?
Organization
What do children realize about their memories as they get older?
That they are not perfect
What is a characteristic of intentional learners?
They are actively and consciously engaged in cognitive and metacognitive activities
What is a reason why students may not use effective learning strategies?
Students are uninformed or misinformed about effective strategies
What is necessary for students to use sophisticated learning strategies?
An in-depth understanding and integration of the subject matter
What is a benefit of students reflecting on and describing their current study strategies?
They will become more aware of their learning processes
What is a characteristic of epistemic beliefs?
They are tentative and dynamic
What is an example of an epistemic belief about the nature of knowledge?
Knowledge is fixed and unchanging
What is a reason why students may not believe that effective learning strategies are helpful?
They are unaware of how much strategies can help them learn
What is a way to promote effective learning and study strategies in students?
By teaching strategies within the context of specific subject domains
What is a result of students having epistemic beliefs that are consistent with effective learning strategies?
They are more likely to use effective strategies
What is the primary goal of rehearsal in the learning process?
To repeat information over a short period to aid in memorization
What is the term for the process of forming mental pictures to aid in memory and understanding?
Imagery
What is the primary difference between controlled processing and automatic processing?
The amount of attention required for processing
What is the term for the formation of incomplete or inaccurate memories?
Construction error
What is the primary goal of effective instruction in promoting long-term memory storage and retrieval?
Activating prior knowledge and encouraging meaningful learning
What is the term for the perspective of how people organize knowledge?
Theory theory
What is the primary goal of metacognition in learning?
To understand and regulate one's own thinking and learning processes
What is the term for the intentional use of cognitive processes to accomplish a particular learning task?
Learning strategies
What is the primary goal of promoting conceptual change in students?
To explicitly compare existing beliefs with alternative explanations
What is the term for the process of firming up memories through a combination of actual experiences and subsequent elaborations?
Reconsolidating
Test your understanding of learning techniques, including rehearsal and meaningful learning, and how they impact information retention and recall. This quiz covers the concepts of internal organization, comprehension, and memorization.
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