Psychology of Learning: Rehearsal and Meaningful Learning

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What is a fundamental assumption of cognitive theories?

People are actively, mentally engaged in their own learning. (correct)
Learning involves a change in behavior.
Learning is a passive process.
The focus of scientific inquiry is on mental processes.

Which Gestalt principle states that objects that are close together are perceived as a unit?

Law of proximity (correct)
Law of similarity
Figure-ground
Law of closure

What do people often try to do when encountering new information?

Ignore it
Forget it
Reject it
Organize it (correct)

What is the primary focus of scientific inquiry in understanding learning?

Objective, systematic observations of people's behaviors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is mentally occurring when people follow the law of closure?

They are mentally filling in missing pieces to form a complete picture. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to cognitive theories, what is formed during the learning process?

Mental representations or associations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Information Processing Theory?

The specific ways in which people think about the information they receive from the environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of changing new information in some way to make it more memorable?

Encoding (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of knowledge stored in long-term memory?

Motivational knowledge (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of scanning all of working memory's contents until the desired information is found?

Retrieval (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of combining pieces of information in some way?

Chunking (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between individual constructivism and social constructivism?

One focuses on the process of construction occurring separately within each learner, while the other focuses on people working together to create new knowledge (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of storing information for a period of time with great emphasis on the ability to recall the information at a later time?

Memory (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of repeating information to keep it alive in working memory?

Maintenance rehearsal (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory storage?

Short-term memory (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of pulling together two or more pieces of information into an integrated unit?

Organization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do children realize about their memories as they get older?

That they are not perfect (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of intentional learners?

They are actively and consciously engaged in cognitive and metacognitive activities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why students may not use effective learning strategies?

Students are uninformed or misinformed about effective strategies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for students to use sophisticated learning strategies?

An in-depth understanding and integration of the subject matter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of students reflecting on and describing their current study strategies?

They will become more aware of their learning processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of epistemic beliefs?

They are tentative and dynamic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an epistemic belief about the nature of knowledge?

Knowledge is fixed and unchanging (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why students may not believe that effective learning strategies are helpful?

They are unaware of how much strategies can help them learn (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a way to promote effective learning and study strategies in students?

By teaching strategies within the context of specific subject domains (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of students having epistemic beliefs that are consistent with effective learning strategies?

They are more likely to use effective strategies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of rehearsal in the learning process?

To repeat information over a short period to aid in memorization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of forming mental pictures to aid in memory and understanding?

Imagery (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between controlled processing and automatic processing?

The amount of attention required for processing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of incomplete or inaccurate memories?

Construction error (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of effective instruction in promoting long-term memory storage and retrieval?

Activating prior knowledge and encouraging meaningful learning (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the perspective of how people organize knowledge?

Theory theory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of metacognition in learning?

To understand and regulate one's own thinking and learning processes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the intentional use of cognitive processes to accomplish a particular learning task?

Learning strategies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of promoting conceptual change in students?

To explicitly compare existing beliefs with alternative explanations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of firming up memories through a combination of actual experiences and subsequent elaborations?

Reconsolidating (C) Signup and view all the answers