Questions and Answers
What is the result of not overcoming language shock and cultural shock in L2 learning?
According to Schumann's model, what is a critical factor in L2 learning?
What is acculturation according to John H. Schumann?
Which type of motivation is interested in acquiring a second language to meet and communicate with valued members of the target language community?
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What is the result of assimilation as an integration strategy?
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Which psychological variable is not included in Schumann's model?
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According to Schumann's Acculturation Model, what determines the degree of second language acquisition?
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What is the role of ego boundaries in L2 learning?
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What is a limitation of Schumann's model?
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What is the impact of social institutions on second language acquisition?
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What is a factor that can facilitate L2 learning?
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What happens when the English Language Learning (ELL) group is inferior to the target language (TL) group?
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What happens when the ELL group is cohesive?
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How many social variables did Schumann propose?
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What is the result of positive attitudes towards each other between the ELL and TL groups?
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What is the relationship between the ELL group size and intragroup contact?
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Study Notes
Acculturation Model by John H. Schumann
- Acculturation is the integration of a second language learner with a target language community/culture, acquired from infancy.
Social Variables
- 8 social variables affect the quality of contact between second language learners and the target language community:
- Social dominance: When the English Language Learning (ELL) group is superior to the target language (TL) group, they may resist learning the target language.
- Assimilation, Preservation, and Adaptation: ELL group's integration strategy with the TL group, influencing language acquisition.
- Social institutions: The more shared institutions between ELL and TL groups, the better conditions for second language acquisition.
- Cohesiveness: A cohesive ELL group tends to remain separate from the TL group.
- Congruence: Similar cultures facilitate social contact and L2 learning.
- Attitude: Positive attitudes between ELL and TL groups facilitate L2 learning.
- Intended length of residence: Longer stays in the target language environment enhance motivation to learn.
Psychological Variables
- 4 psychological variables affect language acquisition:
- Ego boundaries: L2 learner's readiness to accept a new identity in the target language community.
- Language shock and cultural shock: Overcoming these shocks is essential for language acquisition.
- Motivation: Two types of motivational tendencies:
- Integrative motivation: Acquiring a second language to communicate with the target language community.
- (No explicit mention of the second type)
Criticisms of the Acculturation Model
- Schumann did not specify the combinations and levels of social and psychological factors to predict language outcome.
- The relative significance of each psychological factor is unclear.
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Description
Explore the psychological factors that influence language learning, including cultural similarity, attitudes, and intended length of residence. Quiz your knowledge of the psychological variables that affect L2 learning.