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According to Descartes, how is knowledge primarily acquired?
The distinction between perception and judgment states that simply looking at an object is equivalent to understanding what it is.
False
What is the primary focus of introspectionism in psychology?
The examination of one's own thoughts and mental processes.
The theory that suggests many unconscious inferences occur during cognitive processes can be summarized by the concept of ______.
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Match the following cognitive concepts with their descriptions:
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What is the primary distinction in Chomsky's theory of linguistics?
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Behaviorism implies that non-observable mental states influence behavior.
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What does the concept of representationalism emphasize in cognitive psychology?
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According to Miller's model, the capacity of short-term memory is typically __________ units.
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Match the following cognitive theories to their descriptions:
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Which method is used to model the stages of cognitive processes?
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Neisser contributed to cognitive psychology by introducing new methods of investigation.
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What is the basic question posed by the Turing Machine concept regarding machines?
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What does the Dichotic Listening Paradigm primarily study?
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Behaviourism asserts that psychology should only focus on observable behaviors.
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What is a Turing Machine primarily designed to demonstrate?
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According to Chomsky, initial grammatical knowledge is potentially __________.
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Match the psychological theories with their key concepts:
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What evidence does the 'poverty of stimulus' argument provide in favor of Chomsky's theory?
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Cognitive processes in psychology include understanding performance in complex tasks.
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What role does the head of a Turing Machine play?
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Study Notes
Language and Cognitive Processes
- Language comprises a limited number of words, categories (verbs, nouns, etc.), and combinations, yet allows for an infinite number of sentences.
- Information processing can be explained through the rules and representations within a system, which account for cognitive behavior.
Psychological Processes
- Miller emphasized cognitive processes as information processes influenced by communication theory.
- Internal representations guide actions through specific plans and can be quantified based on transmitted units.
- Short-term memory (STM) capacity is approximately 7 ± 2 units.
Chomsky’s Contributions
- Established the distinction between linguistic competence and performance.
- Proposed language functions as a computational system.
Cognitive Psychology Advancements
- Neisser introduced new investigation methods and utilized reaction time to measure processing load.
- Flow diagrams are used to model cognitive processes and outcomes.
Levels of Explanation in Psychology
- Functional Level: Behaviorism focuses on stimulus-response (S-R) laws, disregarding non-observable mental states.
- Radical Dualism posits a separation between the brain and mind.
- Functionalism explains behavior through machine inputs and outputs, without elaborating on internal mechanisms.
- Cognitivistic explanations consider internal, non-observable states affecting outputs and behavior.
Rationalist Perspectives
- The brain serves as the organ of the mind, with representationalism emphasizing mental representations over behavior alone.
- Functionalism highlights emergent properties and explains behavior through machine state functions.
Behaviorism and Its Limitations
- Watson and Skinner characterized psychology as the study of observable behavior, dismissing introspection and consciousness.
- Learning is viewed as S-R pairings, with language acquisition derived from reinforcement rather than innate understanding.
Chomsky’s Opposition to Behaviorism
- Critiqued Skinner’s emphasis on observable behaviors, arguing for the role of internal representations in language development.
- Suggested an innate initial state of grammatical knowledge, enabling children to understand and acquire any language.
Generative Capacity of Language
- Demonstrates recursion, allowing for complex sentence structures rarely taught directly.
- Challenges behaviorist views by showing toddlers form sentences beyond their direct experience, implying knowledge encoded through rules.
Second Cognitive Revolution
- Emerged post-WW2, focusing on human factors, skill acquisition, and performance in complex tasks.
Theories of Communication and Attention
- Examined information processing, including Cherry’s studies on attention allocation through dichotic listening paradigms.
The Turing Machine
- Comprises a head that scans and prints symbols on an infinite tape, symbolizing a computational system.
- Stores limited representations and rules, yet can perform an infinite number of computations, reflecting cognitive processes as operations driven by syntax.
Descartes’ Philosophical Insights
- Proposed knowledge acquisition through senses while suggesting innate ideas given by God.
- Differentiated between perception and judgment, indicating the unconscious nature of many mental processes.
Early Influences on Psychology
- Introspectionism, led by Wundt and Titchener, aimed to observe mental processes akin to physical laws but faced numerous challenges.
- Issues included unconscious inferences, flawed memory reports, and questions regarding implicit knowledge in cognitive processes.
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Description
Explore the intricate relationship between language, cognitive processes, and information systems in psychology. This quiz examines concepts like limited word categories, syntactic structures, and the influence of communication theory on cognitive behavior. Test your understanding of how psychological processes function as information processes.
