9 Questions
What is the primary focus of research on infants' language experience in the first year of life?
Examining how infants perceive phonemic contrasts in their native language
What is the expected outcome of exposure to a native language in the first year of life on infants' ability to perceive phonemic contrasts?
Enhanced ability to perceive phonemic contrasts in the native language
How does infants' language experience in the first year of life affect their ability to perceive phonemic contrasts in foreign languages?
It reduces their ability to perceive phonemic contrasts in foreign languages
What is the implication of infants' language experience in the first year of life on their language development?
It influences their ability to perceive phonemic contrasts in their native language
What is the primary difference between how infants perceive phonemic contrasts in their native language versus foreign languages?
Infants are more sensitive to phonemic contrasts in their native language
What is the theoretical framework that explains how infants' language experience in the first year of life affects their ability to perceive phonemic contrasts?
Statistical learning theory
How does the native language environment influence infants' ability to perceive phonemic contrasts?
It biases infants towards perceiving phonemic contrasts in a specific way
What is the significance of infants' ability to perceive phonemic contrasts in their native language?
It is a precursor to language acquisition
What is the implication of research on infants' language experience in the first year of life for language learning and teaching?
It emphasizes the importance of early language exposure
Study Notes
Decision-Making Biases
- Anchoring effects occur even when the "anchor" is completely irrelevant
- Confirmation bias: tendency to search for confirming evidence, not disconfirming evidence
Language
- Definition: a system that relates sounds (or gestures) to meaning
- Features:
- Symbolism
- Structured and meaningful
- Displacement
- Generativity
Components of Language
- None
Nativist Perspective
- Children are born with innate mental structures that guide their acquisition of language
- Supported by:
- Noam Chomsky's Language-acquisition device (LAD)
- Linguistic universals
- Children apply rules of grammar to novel words
- Language is learned more easily in the critical period
- Genie Story
- Animals don't learn language as readily or successfully as humans
Language Influence on Thinking
- Most psychologists believe that language influences our habitual thinking about the world
Russian Blues Study
- Light blue = goluboy
- Dark blue = siniy
Test your understanding of language components and cognitive biases, including anchoring effects and confirmation bias.
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