Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary idea behind the Discrete Emotions Theory?
What is the primary idea behind the Discrete Emotions Theory?
- Emotions are solely the product of our thoughts.
- Humans experience a small number of distinct emotions that combine in complex ways. (correct)
- Emotions are solely a product of our brain scans.
- Emotions are solely influenced by cultural differences.
What is the role of the limbic system according to the Discrete Emotions Theory?
What is the role of the limbic system according to the Discrete Emotions Theory?
- It is responsible for our cultural differences in emotion expression.
- It follows our thoughts about our emotions.
- It is unrelated to our emotions.
- It precedes our thoughts about our emotions. (correct)
What are the seven primary emotions believed to be cross-culturally universal?
What are the seven primary emotions believed to be cross-culturally universal?
- Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, pride, and contempt
- Awe, happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust
- Pride, awe, happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and contempt
- Happiness, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, anger, and contempt (correct)
What is the difference in display rules between Western and Eastern societies?
What is the difference in display rules between Western and Eastern societies?
What is the relationship between primary emotions and facial expressions?
What is the relationship between primary emotions and facial expressions?
How do negative emotions affect heart rate according to the physiology of emotions?
How do negative emotions affect heart rate according to the physiology of emotions?
What happens to the digestive system when we experience fear?
What happens to the digestive system when we experience fear?
What is a challenge in distinguishing between positive and negative emotions using brain scans?
What is a challenge in distinguishing between positive and negative emotions using brain scans?
What is the main difference between Duchenne and Pan Am smiles?
What is the main difference between Duchenne and Pan Am smiles?
What do Cognitive Theories of Emotion propose?
What do Cognitive Theories of Emotion propose?
According to the James-Lange theory, what leads to emotions?
According to the James-Lange theory, what leads to emotions?
What is the somatic marker theory?
What is the somatic marker theory?
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
What is nonverbal leakage?
What is nonverbal leakage?
What is the study of personal space and distance?
What is the study of personal space and distance?
What is the term for culture-specific gestures?
What is the term for culture-specific gestures?
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Study Notes
Emotions and Theories
- Emotions are mental states or feelings associated with our evaluation of our experiences
- Discrete Emotions Theory proposes that humans experience a small number of distinct emotions, which combine in complex ways
- Emotions have biological roots, serve adaptive functions, and precede our thoughts about them
- Seven primary emotions are believed to be cross-culturally universal: happiness, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, anger, and contempt
Primary Emotions and Facial Expressions
- Primary emotions might be associated with distinct facial expressions
- Facial expressions can be used to distinguish between genuine and fake emotions
- Duchenne (real, involuntary) smiles involve different muscles than Pan Am (fake, voluntary) smiles
Physiology and Emotion
- Primary emotions might be distinguished by their physiological elements
- Heart rate increases more with negative emotions
- Digestive system slows down with fear
- Multiple brain regions are active in all emotions
Cognitive Theories of Emotion
- Cognitive theories propose that emotions are products of thinking, rather than the other way around
- James-Lange theory: emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli
- Cannon-Bard theory: an emotion-provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotional and bodily reaction
- Damasio's somatic marker theory: we use our "gut reactions" to inform our actions (limited support)
Emotional Reactions and Expression
- Many emotional reactions may be generated automatically
- Subliminal exposure to positive or negative cues influences moods
- Facial feedback hypothesis: blood vessels in the face feed back information to the brain, altering our experience of emotions
- Nonverbal expression: facial expressions, gestures, postures, and nonverbal leakage
- Proxemics: the study of personal space, with four levels of distance: public, social, personal, and intimate
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