Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term for the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable?
What is the term for the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable?
Which theory of emotion suggests that emotions arise from physiological arousal?
Which theory of emotion suggests that emotions arise from physiological arousal?
What is the term for the individual's belief in their own capabilities or capacities to complete a task?
What is the term for the individual's belief in their own capabilities or capacities to complete a task?
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the optimal level of arousal for simple tasks?
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the optimal level of arousal for simple tasks?
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What is the term for the stress hormone released by the adrenal glands when encountering a stressor?
What is the term for the stress hormone released by the adrenal glands when encountering a stressor?
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What is the term for the positive form of stress that is low to moderate in intensity and associated with positive feelings?
What is the term for the positive form of stress that is low to moderate in intensity and associated with positive feelings?
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What is the term for the set of physiological reactions that occur when an individual encounters a perceived threat?
What is the term for the set of physiological reactions that occur when an individual encounters a perceived threat?
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What is the subfield of psychology that studies psychological influences on health, illness, and how people respond when they become ill?
What is the subfield of psychology that studies psychological influences on health, illness, and how people respond when they become ill?
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What is the term for the sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one's job?
What is the term for the sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one's job?
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What is the term for the tendency toward a positive outlook and positive expectations?
What is the term for the tendency toward a positive outlook and positive expectations?
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Study Notes
Emotional and Motivational Theories
- Cultural display rules dictate the acceptable expressions of emotions in different cultures.
- Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards such as money or praise, contrasting with intrinsic motivation, which stems from internal satisfaction.
- The hierarchy of needs illustrates a spectrum of human needs, ranging from basic survival (biological) to social connection and self-actualization (personal growth).
Theories of Emotion
- The James-Lange theory posits that emotions result from physiological responses to stimuli.
- The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory suggests emotions arise from both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.
Stress and its Management
- Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to execute tasks and achieve goals.
- According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, simpler tasks benefit from higher arousal, while complex tasks are best performed with lower arousal.
- The alarm reaction is the initial response to threats, part of the general adaptation syndrome, prompting a fight-or-flight response.
- Biofeedback is a stress management technique that teaches individuals to control bodily functions (e.g., heart rate) through feedback from electronic monitoring.
Coping and Stress Responses
- Coping involves mental or behavioral strategies to manage stress and its emotional impact.
- Cortisol, a stress hormone, is released during stressful situations, enhancing energy for immediate action.
- Daily hassles refer to small, frequent annoyances that can accumulate and lead to stress.
- Eustress is a positive form of stress that contributes to motivation and performance rather than detracting from well-being.
Physiological Reactions to Stress
- The fight-or-flight response features acute physiological changes, including increased heart rate and respiration, triggered by perceived danger through sympathetic nervous system activation.
- Flow is a mental state of complete immersion and engagement in an activity, often experienced during work or creative endeavors.
Health and Psychology
- General adaptation syndrome consists of three stages: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion, describing how bodies respond to stress over time.
- Happiness is characterized by a lasting sense of joy and contentment, reflecting meaningful life experiences.
- Health psychology examines the psychological aspects influencing health, illness, and recovery processes.
Stress Regulation and Work-Related Issues
- The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a critical role in regulating stress responses through hormone release.
- Job burnout manifests as emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and decreased accomplishment, influenced by job demands and control.
- Job strain occurs when excessive demands are paired with minimal decision-making authority.
- Optimism is a tendency to maintain a positive outlook, contributing to resilience in the face of challenges.
Psychological Concepts for Well-Being
- Perceived control refers to individuals' beliefs in their ability to influence events in their lives.
- Positive affect encompasses traits and states linked to engaging positively with the environment, such as joy and enthusiasm.
- Positive psychology explores the factors contributing to fulfilling and contented lives, emphasizing strengths and virtues.
- Primary appraisal involves evaluating potential threats, shaping emotional responses and coping strategies.
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Description
Test your knowledge of psychological concepts related to emotions and motivation, including cultural display rules, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and the James-Lange theory of emotion.
