Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary function of the myelin sheath?
Which of the following best describes the primary function of the myelin sheath?
- To transmit signals directly to adjacent neurons.
- To provide structural support to the soma.
- To synthesize neurotransmitters.
- To insulate the axon and speed up neural transmission. (correct)
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements such as walking and writing.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements such as walking and writing.
False (B)
What is the primary role of the synapse in neural transmission?
What is the primary role of the synapse in neural transmission?
chemical communication between neurons
The ______ is a band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing for communication between them.
The ______ is a band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing for communication between them.
Match the brain area with its primary function:
Match the brain area with its primary function:
Which neuroimaging technique provides a detailed anatomical view of the brain and can detect structural abnormalities like tumors?
Which neuroimaging technique provides a detailed anatomical view of the brain and can detect structural abnormalities like tumors?
FMRI directly measures neuronal activity by detecting electrical signals in the brain.
FMRI directly measures neuronal activity by detecting electrical signals in the brain.
Briefly describe the ethical principle of informed consent in psychological research.
Briefly describe the ethical principle of informed consent in psychological research.
The principle of ______ in animal research emphasizes finding alternatives to the use of animals, where possible.
The principle of ______ in animal research emphasizes finding alternatives to the use of animals, where possible.
In the context of the peripheral nervous system, what is the main distinction between the somatic and autonomic divisions?
In the context of the peripheral nervous system, what is the main distinction between the somatic and autonomic divisions?
Flashcards
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System
The brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and coordinating information.
Peripheral Nervous System Divisions
Peripheral Nervous System Divisions
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions.
Neuron Structure
Neuron Structure
Receive signals, cell body integrates signals, axon transmits signals, myelin sheath insulates axon.
Neuron Functions
Neuron Functions
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Neural Transmission
Neural Transmission
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Hindbrain
Hindbrain
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Forebrain
Forebrain
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Lobes of the Brain
Lobes of the Brain
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Language Areas
Language Areas
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Brain Imaging Techniques
Brain Imaging Techniques
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Study Notes
- The following are key points for Psychology
Biological Psychology: Nervous System Organization
- Central nervous system components include the brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system divisions are somatic and autonomic
Functional Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System
- Autonomic functions are sympathetic and parasympathetic
- Somatic functions are sensory and motor
Neurons: Features, Structure and Function
- Key structures include dendrites, soma/cell body, axon, axon terminals, and myelin sheath
- Neurons function as sensory, motor, and interneurons
Neural Transmission
- Transmission occurs in a specific direction via an electro-chemical signal
- Synapses play a critical role
- Neurotransmitters are vital
Brain: Location, Structure, and Function
- Hindbrain contains the medulla and cerebellum
- Midbrain includes the reticular formation
- Forebrain consists of the hypothalamus and thalamus
- Cerebral cortex features left and right hemispheres with contralateral control of the body
- The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres
- Lobes of the brain consist of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
Cerebral Cortex: Localisation of Functions
- Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are key
- Other key areas include the pre-frontal cortex; primary motor, sensory, auditory, and visual cortices
Historical Brain Research
- Phineas Gage’s case study illustrates localisation of lobe function
- Roger Sperry (1959–1968) researched the role of the corpus callosum using split-brain experiments
- Walter Freeman (1936–1945) used frontal lobotomy to study the role of the pre-frontal cortex
Contemporary Brain Structure and Function Methods
- Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a key method
- Computed tomography (CT) is also vital
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a role
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also plays a role
Ethical Guidelines and Practices
- Ethical guidelines ensure appropriate conduct in psychological research
- Ethics committee approval and monitoring are essential for all psychological research
- Human participants require specific ethical considerations
Ethical Considerations for Human Participants
- Protection from physical and psychological harm is required
- Informed consent must be obtained
- Participants have the right to withdraw
- Deception must be justified
- Confidentiality must be maintained
- Privacy must be respected
- Participation must be voluntary
- Debriefing is necessary
Use of Animals in Research
- Replacement, reduction, and refinement are vital for ethical animal research
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Description
Key aspects of biological psychology, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuron structure and function, neural transmission processes, and an overview of the brain's key structures and functions. Focus on the role of neurotransmitters.
