Psychology Module 6: Reward Systems and Endorphins

<p>It is a training chemical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body naturally has receptors for exogenous opiates due to the presence of endorphins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prediction error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The desire for a reward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase after learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No prediction error (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit pain signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pleasant surprise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dip in the baseline firing rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased desire and less liking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates the discrepancy between prediction and reward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prediction spike is related to desire, while the reward-related spike is related to liking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prediction error increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External motivation is driven by external rewards, while intrinsic motivation is driven by internal desires. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it can undermine intrinsic motivation and lead to a reliance on external rewards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomy, competence, and relatedness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People turn to compensatory behaviors that may be maladaptive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That behavior is driven by conscious thoughts and unconscious motives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conscious thought and unconscious motives interact to drive behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They infer they must not like what they are doing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People become more satisfied, happy, and productive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical conditioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote information gathering and risk avoidance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory preconditioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create contingency plans for different scenarios (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observational learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulus generalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance performance by rehearsing a task mentally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher-order conditioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overlooking low-probability events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because their house is the least nice on the block (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding variations in judgments of infidelity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both emotional and technology related behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributions are directly related to forgiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe the attributions made by the person who was cheated on (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judgments of a partner's behavior are harsher (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forgiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pre-exposure to positive associations before negative learning can occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To associate different people with positive experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The depletion of self-control resources due to repeated use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that self-control resources are limited and need to be conserved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate emotions and behaviors effectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To satisfy intrinsic needs and increase satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To pair conditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus to break the association (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why people make the decisions they do (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal/personal attribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gambler's fallacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judgments made around locus, stability, and controllability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People will not try harder when faced with obstacles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivation and intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal attributions are related to personal control, while external attributions are related to chance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that our moods inform our decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They tend to see those clients as impaired and give them a more severe diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to perceive an outcome as more predictable after it occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They experience Hindsight Bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that people regress toward the mean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they elicit more negative reactions from providers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinicians with a more negative reaction tend to see patients as impaired and give them a more severe diagnosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desire for a reward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addiction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determines the level of desire and liking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no prediction spike before learning, and a predictive spike after learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased desire and less liking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine is related to both desire and reward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to avoid uncertainty and sacrifice income for certainty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They give more weight to losses and less weight to gains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their relative position to others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they prefer certainty over uncertainty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decreased sense of satisfaction with the outcome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they are influenced by social comparisons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decreased willingness to take risks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tendency to focus on relative gains and losses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they are risk-averse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A increased focus on social comparisons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they think they must not like what they are doing if they are only doing it for external rewards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomy, competence, and relatedness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become more satisfied, happy, and productive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That behavior is initially non-conscious motivated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People turn to compensatory behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic motivation is based on personal enjoyment, while extrinsic motivation is based on external rewards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giving children money for doing chores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prepare for different outcomes and make contingency plans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it will make them attribute their work to external rewards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting risk avoidance and loss avoidance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prepare for an event by running through it in one's head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conditioned response is extended to similar stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To change behavior through consequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through vicarious conditioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor and evaluate one's own behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased satisfaction and productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judging someone based on traits presented, rather than on available statistics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to blame a situation or circumstances when something negative happens to oneself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People's preference for name recognition over logic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinicians tend to diagnose schizophrenia when presented with bizarre symptoms despite schizophrenia being present in under 1% of the population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prototypes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to find internal rather than external attributions for other individuals' behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The actor/observer effect is related to external attributions, while the fundamental attribution error is related to internal attributions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because clinicians tend to base their diagnoses on prototypes rather than statistics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that our moods inform our decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they elicit more negative reactions from providers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to perceive an outcome as more predictable after it occurs than before (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that people regress toward the mean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory distortion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No clear reason is given in the text (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more likely to see those clients as impaired and give them a more severe diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinicians with a more negative reaction tend to give a more severe diagnosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissatisfaction despite having the best (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small probabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal attribution with intentionality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding variations in judgements of infidelity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Technology/online behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk taking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributions influence forgiveness, but the direction depends on the context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased satisfaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers