Psychology Module 1: Positive Psychology
37 Questions
7 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which psychological perspective focuses on the study of the brain, hormones, and genetics?

  • Humanistic-Existential Perspective
  • Cognitive Perspective
  • Gestalt Psychology
  • Biological Perspective (correct)
  • What does the Humanistic-Existential Perspective primarily emphasize?

  • Cultural influences on behavior
  • Free will and self-fulfillment (correct)
  • Psychological disorders
  • Observable behavior
  • Which of the following perspectives studies how culture and social status impact behavior?

  • Sociocultural Perspective (correct)
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Cognitive Perspective
  • Psychoanalytic Perspective
  • Which subdiscipline in psychology focuses on psychological disorders?

    <p>Abnormal Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Behavioral Neuroscience examine?

    <p>The biological basis of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective is known for its emphasis on unconscious drives influencing behavior?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological perspective emphasizes learning through modifying and creating environments?

    <p>Social cognitive theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of psychology focuses on workplace behavior and organizational practices?

    <p>Industrial/Organizational Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a random sample in psychological research?

    <p>To provide equal chance for each member of the population to be selected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable is manipulated in an experimental method?

    <p>Independent Variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a double-blind study from a blind study?

    <p>Neither participants nor researchers know treatment allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of observation method involves in-depth study of individuals or groups?

    <p>Case Study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic of ductless glands?

    <p>They release substances directly into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can volunteer bias have on research results?

    <p>It may lead to distortions in the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a survey method, what type of population is typically targeted?

    <p>A complete group of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive impulses from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myelin in the nervous system?

    <p>To insulate axons and speed up impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are responsible for transmitting messages from sensory receptors to the brain?

    <p>Afferent Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

    <p>Regulates other endocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is linked to emotional regulation and sleep?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the brain is involved in memory formation?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do adrenal glands primarily secrete?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of endorphins in the brain?

    <p>Mimic the effects of morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) play in the body?

    <p>It regulates involuntary activities such as heartbeat and digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the peripheral nervous system prepares the body for stressful situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sensory (afferent) neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Receive and send messages to the spinal cord and brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the secondary sexual characteristics differentiate males from females?

    <p>They involve changes like beard growth and deeper voice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the nervous system transmits messages between the brain and the rest of the body?

    <p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of positive psychology?

    <p>Enhancing mental health and well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of psychologist primarily helps individuals with serious mental health issues?

    <p>Clinical Psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main goals of psychology?

    <p>To control organisms' behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the concept of introspection in psychology?

    <p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist specializes in applying psychology within the criminal justice system?

    <p>Forensic Psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of behavior do personality psychologists examine?

    <p>Traits such as anxiety and aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aristotle believed that human behavior follows specific rules and laws related to which topics?

    <p>Emotion, perception, and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes counseling psychologists from clinical psychologists?

    <p>Counseling psychologists address adjustment problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychology and Positive Psychology

    • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
    • Topics within psychology include the nervous system, memory, stress, and psychological disorders.
    • Goals of psychology encompass describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling behavior.
    • A theory in psychology consists of hypotheses about the relationships between events.

    What Psychologists Do

    • Psychologists engage in research to find solutions for specific problems.
    • They apply psychological knowledge in practice to assist individuals.
    • Teaching roles involve sharing psychological concepts and findings.

    Fields of Psychology

    • Clinical Psychologists focus on serious issues like anxiety and depression.
    • Counseling Psychologists address less severe adjustment problems.
    • School Psychologists support students with learning challenges.
    • Numerous specializations exist, including developmental, personality, and social psychology.
    • Forensic Psychologists apply psychology within the criminal justice system.

    Positive Psychology

    • Focuses on mental health and well-being rather than just mental illness.
    • Key themes include hope, happiness, resilience, and self-determination.

    History of Psychology

    • Socrates emphasized introspection and rational thought ("know thyself").
    • Aristotle explored human behavior with emphasis on rules and laws.
    • Significant figures include Wundt (Structuralism) and James (Functionalism).

    Psychological Schools

    • Structuralism: Dissects mental processes into sensations and feelings.
    • Functionalism: Examines how behavior aids adaptation.
    • Behaviorism: Studies observable behavior.
    • Psychoanalysis: Freud's view of unconscious drives shaping behavior.

    Perspectives in Psychology

    • Biological: Investigates the brain and genetics.
    • Cognitive: Focuses on mental processes like thought and memory.
    • Humanistic: Centers on free will and personal growth.
    • Sociocultural: Analyzes the role of culture and social context in behavior changes.

    Major Subdisciplines in Psychology

    • Abnormal Psychology: Investigates psychological disorders.
    • Behavioral Neuroscience: Links biology to behavior.
    • Clinical Psychology: Provides diagnosis and treatment for disorders.
    • Cognitive Psychology: Studies higher mental processes.
    • Forensic Psychology: Connects psychological principles to the legal field.

    Introduction to Psychological Research Methods

    • The scientific method is used to test hypotheses systematically.
    • Observational methods include case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observations.
    • Samples may be random or stratified to avoid biases in research findings.

    Types of Psychological Research

    • Correlational studies assess relationships between variables.
    • Experimental methods evaluate cause-and-effect relationships, utilizing independent and dependent variables.
    • Experimental groups receive treatments, while control groups do not.

    Neurons – Basic Unit of the Nervous System

    • Neurons consist of dendrites (receive impulses), axons (transmit impulses), and myelin (insulates axons).
    • Afferent neurons convey sensory information; efferent neurons signal muscles and glands.

    Chemical Keys to Communication

    • Neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and dopamine influence mood and behavior.
    • GABA serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, helping alleviate anxiety.

    The Endocrine System

    • The endocrine system comprises ductless glands regulating hormones affecting behavior.
    • Major glands include the pituitary (master gland), thyroid (metabolism), and adrenal glands (stress response).

    The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    • Divided into the somatic (voluntary control) and autonomic (involuntary control) systems.
    • The ANS includes sympathetic (fight-or-flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) divisions.

    The Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • The CNS is comprised of the brain and spinal cord, essential for processing and transmitting neural signals.
    • It functions similarly to a computer's CPU, controlling and coordinating sensory and motor functions.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the foundations of Psychology in this quiz. Delve into the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, including various topics such as the nervous system, memory, intelligence, and more. Test your understanding of the goals and theories that shape this fascinating field.

    More Like This

    Introduction to Psychology
    13 questions
    Introduction to Psychology
    16 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser