Experience Psychology Chapters 1-7 Flashcards

Amygdala and hippocampus

Neocortex

<p>Occipital lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatosensory cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of systematic methods to observe the natural world, including human behavior, and to draw conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Everything we do that can be directly observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thoughts, feelings, and motives that people experience privately but that cannot be observed directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A serious examination and judgment of something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data, and logical reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements or structures of mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>James's approach to mental processes, emphasizing the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process in which organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive and produce offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology that emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive human growth, and the freedom to choose one's own destiny.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology with an emphasis on mental processes involved in knowing, how we direct attention, perceive, remember, and solve problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anything that can change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A testable prediction that derives logically from a theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A definition that provides an objective description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An in-depth look at a single person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research that examines the relationships between variables, whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The circumstance where a variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between two other variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A special kind of systematic observation that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance, to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to preexisting differences between groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A manipulated experimental factor, the variable that the experimenter changes to see what its effects are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person who is given a role to play in a study so that the social context can be manipulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outcome, the factor that can change in an experiment in response to changes in the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The participants in an experiment who receive the drug or other treatment under the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The participants in an experiment who are as much like the experimental group as possible and who are treated in every way like the experimental group except for a manipulated factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which an experimental design actually reflects the real-world issues it is supposed to address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of the experimenter's expectations on the outcome of the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any aspect of a study that communicates to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an experiment, the influence of participants' expectations, and of their thoughts about how they should behave, on their behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The situation where participants' expectations, rather than the experimental treatment, produce an experimental outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A harmless substance that has no physiological effect, given to participants in a control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experimental design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group until the results are calculated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire group about which the investigator wants to draw conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample that gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation of behavior in a real-world setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subset of the population chosen by the investigator for study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's electrochemical communication circuitry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's capacity for change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerves that carry information about the external environment to the brain and spinal cord via sensory receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerves that carry information out of the brain and spinal cord to other areas of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Networks of nerve cells that integrate sensory input and motor output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The network of nerves that connects the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body system consisting of the sensory nerves that convey information about conditions such as pain and temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body system that takes messages to and from the body's internal organs, monitoring such processes as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to mobilize it for action and is involved in the experience of stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The response of individuals to environmental stressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circumstances and events that threaten individuals and tax their coping abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nerve cells that handle the information-processing function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The second of the two types of cells in the nervous system that provide support, nutritional benefits, and other functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, which directs the manufacture of substances for growth and maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A layer of fat cells that encases and insulates most axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tree-like fibers projecting from a neuron that receive information and orient it toward the neuron's cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stable, negative charge of an inactive neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps down the axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that states when a brief wave of positive electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity, it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiny spaces between neurons; the gaps between neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neurotransmitter responsible for motor control at the junction between nerves and muscles, also involved in mental processes such as learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neurotransmitter found throughout the nervous system, believed to be in approximately 1/3 of the brain's synapses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neurotransmitter that inhibits the firing of neurons in the CNS, but excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neurotransmitter that helps to control voluntary movement and affects sleep, mood, attention, learning, and the ability to recognize rewards in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, attention, and learning; low levels lead to depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural opiates that mainly stimulate the firing of neurons, shielding the body from pain and elevating feelings of pleasure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hormone and neurotransmitter that plays important roles in love and social bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drugs that often mimic or increase the work of neurotransmitters; they can also block their effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Located at the skull's rear, the lowest portion of the brain, consisting of the medulla, cerebellum, and pons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outermost layer of gray, wrinkled matter of the cerebral hemispheres that governs higher brain functions such as thinking and learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An almond-shaped structure at the base of the temporal lobe, related to emotion and memory formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The structure in the limbic system that has a special role in the storage of memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the brain that governs sleep and arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the brain that is a rounded structure involved in motor coordination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the brain that governs breathing and reflexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A diffuse collection of neurons involved in arousal and stereotyped patterns such as walking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small forebrain structure located just below the thalamus that monitors pleasurable activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The forebrain structure that serves as an important relay station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Located between the hindbrain and forebrain, it connects various nerve fiber systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stem-like area that connects with the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system in the midbrain comprising a diffuse collection of neurons involved in stereotyped patterns of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's largest division and its most forward part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A loosely connected network system of structures under the cerebral cortex, important for memory and emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers