Psychology Memory Models

Study Notes

Atkinson-Shiffrin Multi-store Model

Consists of three components: sensory register, short-term store, and long-term store.
Differentiates between structural features (memory types) and control processes (actions taken on information).

Rehearsal

Actively manipulating information to enhance retention in memory.
Two types: elaborative rehearsal (linking new info meaningfully) and maintenance rehearsal (repetition).

Working Memory

Sub-system where conscious information manipulation occurs.
Interaction of sensory input and retrieval of long-term memory.
Also known as short-term memory.

Echoic Memory

Type of auditory sensory memory.
Retains sound information for 3 to 4 seconds in its original form.

Iconic Memory

Type of visual sensory memory.
Stores visual images for a brief duration of 0.2 to 0.4 seconds.

Maintenance Rehearsal

Involves repeating information to extend its duration in short-term memory.
Increases retention beyond the usual limit of 18 seconds.

Serial Position Effect

Phenomenon where recall accuracy varies by position in a list.
Better recall for items at the end, followed by the beginning, with the middle items often recalled the worst.

Sensory Memory

Initial memory entry point for sensory stimuli.
Retains sensory information for a very brief period.

Short-term Memory (STM)

Limited storage system allowing manipulation of new and retrieved information.
Synonymous with working memory.

Control Process

Activities consciously performed to enhance memory processing.
Examples include attention and maintenance rehearsal.

Capacity of Short-term Memory

Can hold approximately 7 items, plus or minus 2, at any given time.

Description

Explore the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory, which includes the sensory register, short-term, and long-term stores. This quiz also covers rehearsal techniques, working memory, and sensory memory types like echoic and iconic. Test your understanding of these critical psychological concepts.